Asexual & Sexual Propagation

Why do we use seeds to propagate plants? In the box below, write 2-3 sentences on why we use seeds to propagate plants. Use the 'Sexual and Asexual Propagation' pdf reading to help. Seedbed Preparation and Planting Below, match the four terms to their descriptions. Use the 'Sexual and Asexual Propagation' pdf reading to help. Field Planting Most food and fiber crops are planted directly into the field. Moisture Soil of the seedbed should be moist. Seedbed Should be of smooth, fine, crumbly soil and free of clods. Planting Depth Depends mainly on the size of the seed; the larger the seed, the deeper it should be planted. Planting in Flats Below, match the terms to their descriptions. Use the 'Sexual and Asexual Propagation' pdf reading to help. Germinating medium The most important requirement is a sterile medium which will hold moisture but drain readily. Sowing Seed can be broadcasted evenly over the flat or planted in rows. Firming Once sown, seeds should be pressed into firm contact with the medium (soil) using a tamp. This ensures the seed will receive adequate moisture as it germinates. Covering Most seeds should be covered with a thin layer of growing medium. Certain seeds will not germinate well without light and should not be covered. Fungicide Germinating seedlings are susceptible to attack fungus, (damping-off disease) and may require protection using a fungicide. Watering After watering the seed initially, cover the flat with glass or plastic to retain moisture and increase humidity. Temperature Generally, seeds germinates best at temperatures between 70 and 80 degrees. Factors causing poor seed germination. Use the 'Sexual and Asexual Propagation' pdf reading to help. Old seed: Seed should be fresh, and should have been stored under cool, dry conditions. Seed loses viability as it gets older.Uneven moisture: Seed must have a constant supply of moisture as it swells and germinates. o Geminating seedlings are very susceptible to drying out as they have no root system to supply moisture.Temperatures too low or too high: Temperature requirements vary by species, but 70°- 80°F is generally a good range for germinating seed. o In the field, seed will not germinate if planted too early in the season when night temperatures are too low. o In the greenhouse, seedlings should be grown at temperatures 5° to 10°F lower than germination. Also, helps prevent tall, spindly growth.Fungus: Damping-off organisms such as Rhizoctonia directly attack germinating seedlings. o Plants are at the most susceptible stage of their life cycle when germinating and must be provided a clean and protected environment.Improper Planting Depth o Seed planted too deep will not have enough stored energy to emerge. o Seed planted too shallow will dry out. o These are concerns mainly when germinating seed in the field. Seedling care: After germination, seedlings require watchful care, as they are very tender and susceptible to damage, drying and disease.Watering: Seedlings must have a constant supply of moisture until roots have a chance to develop.Fertility: Fertilization should be at low levels until plants are well established.Light: Bright light will keep seedlings from becoming spindly. Temperature: Correct temperature necessary for seed germination. When should you transplant seedlings? As a seed. When you see a root form. After the first true leaves. After the whole seedling forms. What does 'hardening off' mean when referring to seedlings. The process of increasing day and night-time growing temperatures and increasing the frequency of watering. The process of reducing day and night-time growing temperatures and reducing the frequency of watering. The process of sticking a plant outside, in the sun. The process of punching a plant until it is ready for the outside world. What should you do immediately after transplating? Water the seedlings. Put the seedlings outside. Give the seedlings sun. Fertilize the seedlings. True or False: Care of Young Plants Drag each statement into the True or False column. If a statement is true then you should drag it to the true column but if a statement is false then drag it to the false column. The yellow column is True and the Blue column is False.Hint: There is 4 false and 4 true answers. True Young plants must be protected from high light intensities because the can get sunburnt. The most common cause of root rot or slow growth is overwatering. Young plants are susceptible to pest and disease problems. As plants grow they need higher levels of phosphorous and potassium. False As plants grow, you can decrease the use of fertilizer. Young transplants should be kept outside with no protection. If a disease takes hold, it is best to give up on that plant and start a new one. Young transplants require protection against extreme temperatures, especially cold. What is Asexual Propagation? Uses seeds to start new plants. Uses leaves, roots and stems to start new plants. Uses air to start new plants. Uses soil to start new plants. What are the Eight Common Types of Asexual (Vegetative) Propagation. Below list the eight common types of asexual propagation. You can find these in the 'Sexual and Asexual Propagation' pdf reading or in our Asexual Propagation Guided Notes. What are cuttings? A portion of a plant that is removed and made to form roots. Several types are stem, tip, leaf and root. A shoot or scion is removed from the desired plant and grafted onto the cambium layers of the scion. A bud with bark is removed from the desired plant and placed on the rootstock. A portion of an attached root is partially buried underground where roots develop. When the new plant is formed, it can then be separated from the parent plant. What is Grafting? A portion of a plant that is removed and made to form roots. Several types are stem, tip, leaf and root. A shoot or scion is removed from the desired plant and grafted onto the cambium layers of the scion. A bud with bark is removed from the desired plant and placed on the rootstock. A portion of an attached root is partially buried underground where roots develop. When the new plant is formed, it can then be separated from the parent plant. What is Budding? A portion of a plant that is removed and made to form roots. Several types are stem, tip, leaf and root. A shoot or scion is removed from the desired plant and grafted onto the cambium layers of the scion. A bud with bark is removed from the desired plant and placed on the rootstock. A portion of an attached root is partially buried underground where roots develop. When the new plant is formed, it can then be separated from the parent plant. What is Layering? A portion of a plant that is removed and made to form roots. Several types are stem, tip, leaf and root. A shoot or scion is removed from the desired plant and grafted onto the cambium layers of the scion. A bud with bark is removed from the desired plant and placed on the rootstock. A portion of an attached root is partially buried underground where roots develop. When the new plant is formed, it can then be separated from the parent plant. What is Division? Plant that may be dug and cut apart and planted to form new plants. Plants that can be dug and cut apart and planted. These plants must produce underground stems. These form at the base of some trees when the trees are cut. They are able to be cut free from the main plant to make new plants. New plants that produce horizontal stems with root. What are Rhizomes? Plant that may be dug and cut apart and planted to form new plants. Plants that can be dug and cut apart and planted. These plants must produce underground stems. These form at the base of some trees when the trees are cut. They are able to be cut free from the main plant to make new plants. New plants that produce horizontal stems with root. What are Stolons? Plant that may be dug and cut apart and planted to form new plants. Plants that can be dug and cut apart and planted. These plants must produce underground stems. These form at the base of some trees when the trees are cut. They are able to be cut free from the main plant to make new plants. New plants that produce horizontal stems with root. What are Suckers? Plant that may be dug and cut apart and planted to form new plants. Plants that can be dug and cut apart and planted. These plants must produce underground stems. These form at the base of some trees when the trees are cut. They are able to be cut free from the main plant to make new plants. New plants that produce horizontal stems with root. Below, write 5-6 sentences on why sexual propagation is important. Below, write 5-6 sentences on why asexual propagation is important. Bonus! Draw the process of one of the propagation methods talked about in class. This can be sexual or asexual. The more detailed you are with your drawing (labeling and pictures) the more extra credit you will be able to receive.