Earth's Structures & Processes pre-test

Move the terms into the appropriate layer of the Earth. Describe the elements, temperature, and state of matter of the composition of each of the layers of the Earth (inner core, -- outer core, -- mantle, -- crusts). crust solid coolest layer least dense layer basalt and granite thinnest layer mantle thickest layer top portion called the asthenosphere hot softened rock contains iron and magnesium outer core liquid iron and nickle in between the mantle and inner core inner core hottest layer most dense solid iron and nickle As you travel from the surface of the Earth towards the inner core, the density, temperature, and pressure _. increase decrease remain the same Using the drop down word bank to complete the passage. The lithosphere is made up of the crust and upper mantle. It is rigid and broken into several plates. The asthensophere is a layer of hot softened rock in the upper mantle under the lithosphere. Over millions of years the great heat and pressure in the mantle and core have caused solid mantle rock to warm and flow very slowly in a cycle of rising and sinking called convection currents. In which layer of the Earth do convection currents occur? crust inner core mantle What causes the crustal plates to move? Earthquakes Volcanoes convection currents Why was the Theory of Continental Drift not originally accepted? Wegener couldn't explain how the continents moved. Wegener couldn't decide what evidence to use. Wegener couldn't convince other scientists that his evidence was real. Which of the following is not evidence used in the Theory of Continental Drift? Fossils Water Bodies Coal Deposits Glacial Scratches Use the drop down word bank to complete the passage below. The area between two tectonic plates is called a boundary. All the tectonic plates are constantly moving- very slowly - around the planet, but in many different directions. Some are moving toward each other, some are moving apart, and some are sliding past each other. Because of these differences, tectonic plate boundaries are grouped into three main types.A convergent boundary occurs where two plates are pushing toward each other.A divergent boundary occurs where two plates are moving apart from each other.A transform boundary occurs where two plates slide past each other. What is the name for the proccess that causes one plate to sink under another at a convergent plate boundary? subduction island arc rift Identify the Boundary For each picture below, identify the type of plate boundary by clicking on the blinking dot and type in the name of the boundary. Divergent Convergent Transform Matching Terms and Definitions Match the term with the appropriate definition. Fault a fracture along which the blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one another Focus The location within the crust where an earthquake begins Epicenter The point on the Earth's surface located directly above the focus of an earthquake Pangaea A former “supercontinent” on the Earth Ring of Fire a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean Deep Ocean Trench where one tectonic plate subducts under another (Subduction Zone) Mid-ocean Ridge This underwater mountain chain on the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary Read the following information and find the word in the dropbox (by clicking on the blank) to best complete the passage. A hot spot is a place deep within the Earth where hot magma rises to just underneath the surface, creating a volcano. The chain of Hawaiian Islands is thought to have been created by the movement of a tectonic plate over a hot spot. Read the sentence below. By clicking on the blank, find the term that best completes the sentence. In order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake, a seismologist must record p and s wave data from three seismic recording stations. Read the passage below and click on the blank to choose the word or phrase that best complete each sentence. Earthquakes can cause great damage and injury. The solution to this problem is to warn people about possible earthquakes through various forms of media: radio, television, on-line sources. Scientists constantly monitor seismic data to warn people of potential earthquake danger. The solution is adequate considering the resources we have; we cannot stop an earthquake but we can alert people so they can protect themselves. Click on the blank to choose the word or phrase that best complete each sentence. Stress is the force applied to rock layers in the crust. It can cause the rocks to break and an earthquake will result. Term and Definition Match Match the term with the appropriate definition or phrase. Rock a natural substance, a solid combination of one or more minerals Mineral a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystal structure. Ore A naturally occurring mineral or rock from which a valuable or useful substance, especially a metal, can be extracted at a reasonable cost. nonrenewable resource Resources like coal, oil, and natural gas, that are available in limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be replenished. renewable resource Any resource, such as wood or solar energy, that can or will be replenished naturally in a short course of time. Label the Rock Cycle! Click on each dot and type in the appropriate label in the box to complete the rock cycle. Use the following word(s) to complete the rock cycle. Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary RockCooling Heat and PressureWeathering and Erosion Cooling Weathering and Erosion Heat and Pressure Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock Grouping Information about Rocks Click on the blank boxes to choose the appropriate information for each rock type. Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava formed through the deposition and cementation of sediment, especially sediment transported by water, ice, and wind. They are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure causing physical and chemical change. Examples: Basalt and Granite Examples: Sandstone and Conglomerate Examples: Marble and Slate Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Categories Click on each box to choose which items should be placed under the appropriate category. Weathering Erosion Deposition Mechanical processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location process in which sediments, soil and rocks are deposited, building up layers of sediment. Chemical Wind and water can move materials from one place to another Examples: Deltas and Deserts The process by which rocks are broken down into small grains and soil. The Colorado River is a perfect example and is responsible for forming the Grand Canyon. Creates landforms Volcano Types Click on each dot and type in the appropriate volcano type label in the boxes. Choose from the following words: shield, cinder, composite shield composite cinder Click on the blank to choose the word(s) that best complete each sentence. A cinder cone volcano is formed when a huge amount of gas is trapped within magma, the eruption is usually violent. Ash and lava are thrown out in large amounts, settling around the vent after the eruption. Volcanoes - Destructive vs. Constructive Click on the box to choose the correct item under the appropriate category. Constructive Destructive new landforms are created Burns homes and trees new rock is formed Causes damage to land, homes, and people