Практикум и диагностика 9 класс

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10— 17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). EsperantoEsperanto is an artificial international language that was created by Ludovic Lazarus Zamenhof, an eye doctor, between 1877 and 1885. Learning languages was his hobby, and in his free time he enjoyed memorizing new words and phrases. Zamenhof, who had grown up in Poland, was convinced that a common language would help resolve many problems in the world, as language barriers often cause confusion, quarrels and wars between nations.Zamenhof realised that none of the major European languages — French, German, English, Spanish, Italian, and Russian — could be made universal as they were all difficult languages to learn. The difficulty in mastering grammar would put native speakers at an advantage with respect to those who did not speak them fluently.And so, Zamenhof started to work. He believed that a universal international language had to be easily learned and spoken by everyone. At first he named his language simply Internacia Lingvo (“International Language”). In 1887, he published his first book Lingvo Internacia in Russian under a pseudonym (false name) “Esperanto”. This word in his new language meant “a person who hopes”. The book became a bestseller and was translated into English as Dr Esperanto’s International Language.Esperanto is the easiest language to learn, taking only one-fifth of the time needed to learn any other language! It was designed to be both easy to learn and culturally neutral. Esperanto uses strictly phonetic spelling, which means a letter in the alphabet always makes exactly the same sound. Secondly, the structure of Esperanto is very simple, with only sixteen basic grammatical rules that need to be learned and no exceptions (such as irregular verbs). Thirdly, Esperanto has a very small core vocabulary; new words are constructed by combining words and adding prefixes and suffixes. The vocabulary of Esperanto will have a familiar ring to anyone who knows a European language, as roots were borrowed from French, German, Spanish and other European languages.Zamenhof wanted Esperanto to be a universal second language. In other words, although he did not want Esperanto to replace national languages, he wanted the majority of people around the world to speak Esperanto. UNESCO recognised Esperanto in 1954.Today, Esperanto is spoken by over 10 million people around the world. There are even a few people who use it as their mother tongue as, in some houses, Esperanto is the only common language between parents who come from different countries and speak different languages! Many people use Esperanto to communicate with Esperantists in other countries by mail, email, blogs or chat rooms.Currently, Esperanto is seen by many of its speakers as an alternative or addition to the growing use of English throughout the world, offering a language that is easier to learn than any other. By the way, according to some sources, an English speaker can learn Esperanto up to five times faster than Spanish. Zamenhof was a professional linguist. True False Not stated Zamenhof believed that a common language could prevent misunderstanding between people. True False Not stated Zamenhof wanted to universal language. True False Not stated Internacia Lingvo was the original name of Zamenhof’s artificial language. True False Not stated There are no prefixes and suffixes in Esperanto. True False Not stated Zamenhof wanted people to use Esperanto instead of their national languages. True False Not stated The majority of Esperanto speakers live in Poland. True False Not stated Europeans learn Esperanto faster than Asian people. True False Not stated