Human Body Homeostasis Study Guide

Understand human body homeostasis: hormones, feedback, and cell communication.

READ, click, scroll, choose 1. Insulin is a hormone (chemical messenger) that signals body cells to take glucose from the blood into body cells, and also signals the liver to take glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen, which will result in a lower blood glucose level.2. Veins of the circulatory system carry blood toward the heart.3. Hormones are chemical messengers produced in the endocrine glands that travel through the blood stream to their target cells in the body.4. A protein molecule on the surface of a cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells is called a receptormolecule.5. In the alveoli of the lungs, oxygen diffuses into or out of the capillaries of the blood. into6. The flow of materials within a cell or throughout the body of an organism is called circulation.7. The release of insulin from the pancreas will cause blood sugar levels to decrease.8. Working together for a common goal effect is called coordination.9. When one cell releases a chemical message and it travels and binds to the receptor of another cell this is an example of cell to cell communication.10. When blood sugar levels are too high, insulin is released to lower its levels, this is an example of a negative feedback mechanism_. 11. Any change in the environment that causes an organism to react is called a Stimulus .12. A group of specialized cells that perform a specific function is called tissue.13. A single specific reaction to a stimulus is a response .14. What male hormone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics and where is it released? testosterone.15. The process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells is digestion .16. Cells in the nervous system and cells in the circulatory system are different in their structure and their function .17. The removal of metabolic wastes from the blood is a process called excretion .18. A body structure made of different kinds of tissue that combine to perform a specific function is an organ .19. In conducting an experiment to find out if drinking green tea will increase test scores it is important that the members of the experimental group consume the same amount and type of tea so the results will make my conclusion valid .20. When the bronchial tubes of the respiratory system constrict this is usually associated with the condition known as asthma . 21. Food in the digestive system is broken down by enzymes into smaller molecules (like starch broken down into glucose) that can diffuse into the bloodstream and be transported and used by cells of the body.22. A receptor molecule for a cell must have a specific shape to be a target cell for a chemical messenger like a hormone.23. Cells of an organism must be able to communicate with each other in order to maintain homeostasis.24. As a result of metabolic activities many organisms produce harmful wastesubstances like carbon dioxide, these substances are eliminated by the process of excretion .25. Regulation of the human body systems involves nerve control in coordination with the release of hormones by the glands of the endocrinesystem.26. receptor molecules are usually proteins on the surface of a cell membranethat are specific in shape for the attachment of chemical messenger molecules like hormones from various endocrine glands.27. Regulation of glucose levels in the blood by insulin release from the pancreas is an example of maintenance of homeostasis.28. The kidney in a human and the cell membrane of an ameba are similar in functionbecause they both release waste.29. The function of a nerve cell (neuron) is to send messages (communicate) between cells.30. Nerve cells release chemical messengers called neurotransmittersthat attach to the next cell as an example of cell to cell communication. 31. The immediate response to highblood sugar levels in humans would be the release of insulin from the pancreasinto the bloodstream by the cells of the pan.32. Glands of the endocrine system secrete chemical messengers called hormoneswhich get transported by the circulatory system throughout the body and attach to the target cells , which have specific receptor molecules on their membrane.33. If a diabetic person injected too much insulin by mistake, their blood sugar levels would decreasetoo much.34. If a person secreted too little insulin, the level of glucose in their blood will not drop enough.35. A hormone secreted by a glandwill affect only certain cells of the body because hormones are specific in shape for only specific receptor molecules of targetcells.36. If a person eats a high carbohydrate meal, their blood sugar levels will increase, the nervous system senses this change and signals the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin will help lower the amount of glucose in the blood because it is a hormone that signals cells, like in the liver, to take glucose out of the blood and store it as glycogen.37. As the level of glucose now drops, it too is detected by the nervous system and responds by signaling the pancreas to secrete lessinsulin. This interaction is an example of a negative feedbackmechanism. Such a process helps to maintain homeostasis.38. Even if a person has not eaten for several hours as their blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas will release the hormone glucagon, which will then signal the liver to release stores of glycogen. If it goes on for several days then fats will be used for fuel.39. In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli of the lungs while at the same time oxygen diffuses into the bloodso it can be transported to all the cells of the body.40. Cells of all the organ systems of the body use things like oxygen and glucose for cellular respiration and amino acids for protein synthesis. These processes of the cell are called metabolism and as a result produce unwanted waste that must be transported to organs of the excretory system like the kidneys, lungs and skin so they may be removed from the body.41. Breathing rate and heart rate are constantly changing. They will increase or decrease to keep blood oxygen levels homeostatic .