The Early Cold War (Review)

Directions: Use today's reading and your notes from this week to answer the questions below. You may only submit your answers once, so take your time and review before submitting. Remember to save your answers so that you do not lose your work.After submitting your work, make sure to review your answers. Fill in the missing words to complete the passage. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the world's two superpowers. Both nations were allies during World War II, but this alliance fell apart soon after the war ended in 1945. The United States worked to prevent an expansion of communism. This policy was called Containment. Through the Truman Doctrine, the United States sent aid to Greece and Turkey to support their fight against communism. The Marshall Plan provided recovery aid to European nations. During this time, the United States joined an alliance called NATO. This alliance opposed communism. Agreements made at the Yalta and Potsdam conferences near the end of World War II resulted in the division of Germany into zones of occupation invasion of the Soviet Union by the Allies creation of the arms control agreements control of the Korean peninsula by United Nations forces Which United States foreign policy is being referred to in this cartoon? Neutrality Acts Truman Doctrine Atlantic Charter Manhattan Project • October 4, 1957—Soviet Union launches Sputnik• April 12, 1961—a Soviet cosmonaut is the first person to orbit Earth• February 20, 1962—John Glenn is the first American to orbit Earth• July 20, 1969—Neil Armstrong walks on the MoonWhich conclusion do these events directly support? The United States was the first to orbit Earth The United States space program eventually surpassed the Soviet Union’s program. Sputnik had little domestic influence on the United States. The United States never caught up to the Soviet Union's achievements in space. What was the primary reason for the creation of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan? to reward the Chinese for their role in the Allied victory over Japan the fear of Soviet communist expansion throughout Europe the need to support colonial independence movements in the developing world the protection of United States interests in the Middle East The United States responded to the Berlin blockade in 1948 by boycotting German-made imports building the Berlin Wall stopping all traffic leaving Berlin airlifting food and supplies into Berlin “All Federal Employees Required to Take Loyalty Oath”“Army-McCarthy Hearings Begin”“Rosenbergs Convicted” These newspaper headlines from the decade following World War II are all connected to the debate over economic aid to Europe fear of communism in the United States passage of civil rights legislation in the United States war crimes trials in Japan “. . . an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. . . .”— Winston Churchill, March 5, 1946With this observation, Winston Churchill warned the United States that Europe was threatened by an embargo of its Middle East oil supplies the growth of fascism in Great Britain the expansion of communism in Eastern Europe German U-Boat attacks in the Atlantic The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact are examples of Open Door Policy Manifest Destiny Isolationism Mutual Defense Which Soviet Union action led to the situation shown in this cartoon? Soviet blockade of Berlin Creation of the Warsaw Pact East German Uprising Reunification of Germany The shelter pictured in this handbook was designed to help Americans survive Pandemic diseases Natural disasters Nuclear attacks Global climate change "…The truth of the matter is that Europe’s requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products— principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.…" — Secretary of State George Marshall, Remarks at Harvard University Commencement, June 5, 1947In this excerpt, Secretary of State George Marshall is identifying the need to provide economic assistance to struggling European nations allow European workers to settle in the United States install democratic governments in the nations of Western Europe strengthen European military defenses Which event marked the beginning of the space race with the Soviet Union? U-2 Spy Plane Incident Berlin Airlift Launch of Sputnik Yalta Conference The United States used the policy shown in the cartoon in order to keep the Soviet Union from developing atomic weapons prevent Adolf Hitler from returning to power in Germany stop the spread of communism in Western Europe Which action best illustrates the Cold War policy of containment? the Nuremberg Trials creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization recognizing the state of Israel in 1948 the Lend-Lease Act As a result of the situation shown on the map, the foreign policy of the United States during the administration of President Harry Truman was dominated by the belief that cooperation with the Soviet Union should be increased communist expansion in Europe should be contained economic aid was not likely to help nations in Western Europe the U.S. should return to a foreign policy of isolationism The Palmer Raids of 1919 and 1920 and McCarthyism in the 1950s were similar in that both were responses to large numbers of immigrants based on economic downturns reactions to the fear of communism Which statements are true based on the charts above? The percent of the federal budget used for defense spending increased during the Cold War. In 1960, more than half of the budget was used for defense spending. Defense spending was highest during the Red Scare of the 1950s. Which statements about the Berlin Airlift are TRUE based on the information presented above? During the Berlin Blockade, the Soviet Union stopped food from entering West Berlin. Over two million people depended on the shipments flown in by America and its allies. Shipments to West Berlin included food and coal. The Berlin Airlift lasted for almost a year. Which statements about the Korean War are TRUE based on the information presented above? The Korean War began when communist North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. The US and the United Nations (UN) defended South Korea during the Korean War. North Korea was supported by the Soviet Union and China. American forces were led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Korean War When the conflict ended in 1953, North Korea and South Korea remained divided.