practical phonetics Intonation and its features MENTOR: AZIZA B.

Warm up handout. matching match and find correct definition Pause a short period in which something such as a sound or an activity is stopped before starting again Melodyˈmel.ə.di/ a tune, often forming part of a larger piece of music Rhythm strong pattern of sounds, words or musical notes which is used in music, poetry and dancing Pitch the level or degree of something Tempo SPECIALIZED the speed at which a piece of music is played Study the following rules TempoAlthough individual speakers differ from others in their personal speaking rate (tempo), all speakers appear to use changes in speaking rate in a meaningful way.RhythmAlthough rhythm is not a prosodic variable in the way that pitch or loudness are, it is usual to treat a language's characteristic rhythm as a part of its prosodic phonology. It has often been asserted that languages exhibit regularity in the timing of successive units of speech, a regularity referred to as isochrony, and that every language may be assigned one of three rhythmical types: stress-timed (where the durations of the intervals between stressed syllables is relatively constant), syllable-timed (where the durations of successive syllables are relatively constant) and mora-timed (where the durations of successive morae are relatively constant).PauseAlthough pausing is a natural phenomenon related to breathing, it is claimed that pauses may also carry some contrastive linguistic information. In English, pausing is more likely before a word carrying a high information content. Defining pause is not easy: it is necessary to distinguish between silent pauses and "filled" pauses where a hesitation is perceived but the speaker continues to emit sound. In the study of conversational interaction it is normal to note different lengths of pause.Pausing or its lack is a factor in creating the perception of words being grouped together into a phrase, phraseme, constituent or other multi-word grouping, often highlighting lexical items or fixed expression idioms. For example, pausing before and after a multi-word grouping, but not within, groups words together and separates them from nearby words. Also, within a multi-word grouping, blending the sound of adjacent words together or speaking them faster than words outside the grouping contributes to the perception of the words as part of a group. A well-known example in English is "Know what I mean?" being said rapidly as if it is a single word ("No-whuta-meen?")PitchPitch is one of the vital parts of speaking and listening in most languages in the world. As English is a language that meaning changes according to the tone and intonation of the speech, the pitch and its range must be considered as an important part of the spoken English. It has prominence at the level of both individual words and at the level of longer statementsMelodyWhen someone talks, part of the melody serves a language purpose and part serves an emotional purpose. When you are transcribing speech, you need to understand emotional prosody because it can interact complex ways with the linguistic functions of prosody. In fact, people can show many emotions in speech, including joy, disgust, anger, fear, sadness, boredom, and anxiety Listening for Falling and Rising Intonation (AmE) listening 1. It is difficult to define pause---------------2.We can’t show our emotions in speech----------------3. There are 4 types of rhythm----------------4. Speaking rate is a tempo ------------------5. Meaning changes according to the tone_ After reading the students do True and False exercise in order to check their understanding.Do the following exercises what is Rhythm? write your answer what is Melody? write your answer. ONLY YOUR OWN WORDS