Lesson 6 The Antebellum Period

Abolitionism From the beginning of America's fight for freedom, slavery caused division, especially between the North and the South. Abolition, or the end of slavery, was a topic of debate between George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette. The young Lafayette questioned how a man of Washington's integrity could also be an owner of slaves. A religious revival called the Second Great Awakening occurred in the 1820's. That became a spark for a major abolitionist movement that grew more intense during the 1830's. In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison began to publish the Liberator from Boston. Many others papered the North with additional antislavery literature. Papers such as the Liberator were banned in the South. The American Anti-Slavery Society, formed in 1833, denounced slavery as a sin and was instrumental in the movement to abolish slavery. In addition, speakers such as Frederick Douglas, Wendell Phillips, Sarah and Angelina Grimke, and Lucy Stone helped further the cause in the North. Abolitionists even helped the enslaved after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 made such help a crime. However, it was not until after the Civil War that slavery was abolished, with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment. What was the movment to end slavery called? Emancipation Movement Abolition Sectionalism Who was the author of the Liberator? Frederick Douglas Wendell Phillips Sarah and Angelina Grimke William Lloyd Garrison Slavery and State's Rights The battle over the right of states to self-govern was tied directly to a Southern cotton industry built on the backs of enslaved Africans and African Americans. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 required the return of runaway slaves between the states. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 made it a crime, punishable by up to a $1000.00 fine, to aid a runaway slave. Moreover, citizens were required to assist in capturing runaway slaves, even if the runaways had made their way to a free state. Also, federal funds were used to capture and return runaway slaves. While Southern slave holders increased their efforts to capture runaways, many Northern abolitionists refused to cooperate, instead participating in the Underground Railroad, which helped give fleeing slaves safe passage to the North (U.S. Canada). What did northerners do in response to the Fugitive Slave Laws? Turned slaves over to the proper authorities. Hung any runaway slaves found. Helped slaves escape to the north away from slave catchers. Women's Suffrage: The Seneca Falls Convention Until 1920, most women in the United States did not have suffrage or the right to vote. Many people who worked for abolition turned to women's rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized a large assembly in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. They were partly inspired to organize when Mott was denied a seat at an antislavery meeting in London. Over 200 people, including Frederick Douglas, attended the meeting. They wrote and voted on the Declaration of Sentiments, calling for equal rights for women in education, property rights, and voting. They kicked off the women's suffrage movement. Women's conventions were then held every year. Eventually, seventy-two years of persistence led to the Nineteenth Amendment, in which women won the right to vote. Where was the first women's rights convention held? Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York, New York Washington DC Seneca Falls, New York Which movement inspired the Women's Rights Movement? Free Speech Movement Anti-War Movement Abolitionist Movement Free Soiler's movement The Missouri Compromise Missouri applied for statehood in 1819. As the first state carved out of the upper Louisiana Purchase, the debate on whether it would enter the Union as a free or slave state was crucial. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 settled the impasse by banning slavery in all the land within the Louisiana Purchase lying above the 36 degree 30 parallel, with the exception of Missouri, which entered the Union as a slave state. To balance the proportion of slave and free states, Maine entered the Union as a free state. Where was slavery allowed in the Louisiana Purchase Territory? Below 36-30 Above 36-30 Nowhere Wilmot Proviso and Free-Soil In 1846, the House of Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania attempted to ban the spread of slavery into any lands acquired from Mexico by attaching an antislavery provision to funding for the Mexican-American War. Known as the Wilmot-Proviso, it fueled the debate and the division over slavery. Unsuccessful attempts continued well into the 1850's to put forth legislation to prohibit slavery in the western lands. Ultimately, the debate divided politicians, resulting in the formation of the Republican Party in 1854. Built on an antislavery platform, the Republican Party wanted the federal government to ban slavery from new territories. This was also known as a "free-soil" position because they did not want slavery in new territories. Sectionalism would soon result in a country embroiled in a civil war. In 1850, California applied for statehood as a free state. To suppress Southern fears, Congress passed the Compromise of 1850. This legislation allowed California to enter the Union as a free state, while strengthening fugitive slave laws. Congress followed this legislation with the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed the popular vote to decide if territories would be free or slave. The Missouri Compromise was now dead. In 1855, hundreds of Missouri men arrived in Kansas to cast illegal votes to ensure that Kansas would enter the Union as a slave state. Pro-slavery Missourians then crossed the border to serve warrants for treason on local leaders in Lawrence, Kansas. The resulting riot Abolitionist John Brown and his sons murdered five pro-slavery men in retaliation. Armed bands soon roamed the region, killing some 200 people. In the fall of 1856, the United States army stopped the carnage in "Bleeding Kansas." In 1861, Kansas entered the union as a free state. What piece of legislation does the Kansas-Nebraska Act repeal? (Take away) Comrpromise of 1850 Bleeding Kansas The Missouri Compromise The Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo What political party was formed as a result of the free-soil position? Whigs Democrats Federalists Republicans What idea was the Wilmot Proviso a proponent of? Abolitionism Emancipation of all slaves Free- Soil stop the spread of slavery Creating a national bank The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was an enslaved African American in Missouri, a slave state. In the 1830's, Scott was taken for a time to Illinois, a free state, and the free Wisconsin Territory. Scott later returned to Missouri. When his slaver holder died, Scott petitioned for his family and his freedom , reasoning that they had lived in a free state. In1857, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney expressed the majority ruling of the Supreme Court. First, since Scott was African American, he was not considered a citizen and could not petition the Court. Secondly, the court determined it did not have any authority to prohibit slavery in any territory. The Compromise of 1850 was ruled unconstitutional, reasoning that allowing individuals to vote on the right of another individual to own property violated the constitution. On November 6, 1860, Republican Candidate Abraham Lincoln received almost 40% of the popular vote. Subsequently, he received 180 electoral votes, enough to elect him president of the United States. It did not take long for the Southern States to react. What was determined inDred Scott v. Sanford? Dred Scott was allowed to sue for his freedom. Dred Scott was not allowed to be taken to free territory Dred Scott was considered property and could be taken into free territory Which two earlier pieces of legislation were repealed by the results of the case? (Select two) Marbury v. Madison Gibbons v. Ogdnen Missouri Compromise The Compromise of 1850 How did John Brown's actions accelerate the violence in "Bleeding Kansas"? He supported the Ordinance of Nullification. He led the pro-slavery Missourians across the border into Kansas to vote. His murder of the five pro-slavery men promped roving bands t kill over 200 people. He arrested local leaders in Lawrence, Kansas for treason. What conclusion can be made about the effect of the Dred Scott Case? It effectively bolstered the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. It received greater support in the North than in the South. It resulted in less need for the Underground Railroad. It prompted Congress to pass legislation protecting the rights of slaveholders. Read the headlines below and answer the question that follows.-Ordinance of Nullification passed in South Carolina- Compromise of 1850 Adopted- Kansas Nebraska Act PassedWhich antebellum political trend is reflected in these headlines? states' rights federalism secession nullification