Enlightenment And the Age of Absolutism

What was the Enlightenment? After watching the 4 and a half minute video answer the following questions. What was the Enlightenment? It was during the Ancient Civiliztions time period. A period of time, in the 17th 18th Centuries (mid-1600s to the late 1700s) in Western Europe when philosophers and writers applied the scientific idea of reason to answer political questions. It was a period of time during the Dark Middle Ages of Feudalism. The writers who took part in the Enlightenment are called Enlightenment Thinkers, sometimes known as philosophes, the French word for philosophers. Who were some Enlightenment Thinkers? Please check all that apply. Voltaire John Locke Bill Gates Baron de Montesquieu The Age of Enlightenment began in EuropePlease pick the appropriate word(s) for the corresponding blank. The Age of Enlightenment began in Europe in the late 17th century. It would bring about fundamental changes in the way the world was understood and how societies were organized. Until then, the church had dictated [told people] what to think and how to live. Dissent [disagreeing with those in power] was punished even by death. But with the Enlightenment, people began to embrace new ideas about freedom of expression and new rational methods to investigate the world. In England, Newton made the foundations of science as we know it by showing that the universe was governed by physical laws that could be discovered using observation and reason. In philosophy, Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and Diderot argued that man, not God, was at the center of the world. Ideas were beginning to change, but in the 18th century most of Europe was still [ruled by] absolute monarchs. Empowered by Enlightenment thinking in both Europe and America, people began to demand real change. Historical Context for the Enlightenment PeriodRead the paragraph below and then match the terms with the correct meaning. John Locke was an English philosopher and writer. He lived through the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution in England, both of which heavily influenced his ideas. He also lived for a time in France during the reign of Louis XIV (fourteenth). Locke was a religious Protestant Christian and believed in freedom of religion (meaning people could practice their religion how they wanted to, not how people in authority told them to). Combining his Christian beliefs with reason and the examination of evidence that scientists used (thanks Scientific Revolution!), he wrote about the government, its purpose, and the best way to govern. His most popular and influential book was Two Treatises of Government. A treatise is a written work dealing with a specific subject (like an essay). The book explains Locke’s view on the purpose of government and the natural rights of people such as Government should protect people’s Natural Rights (life, liberty, and property). Government should be based on the Consent of the Governed. This means that the people (the governed) should give their permission (consent) to the government, usually through voting. It influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence...Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness John Locke English Enlightenment philosopher Protestant Christians Believe in freedom of religion Two Treatises of Government The book explains Locke’s view on the purpose of government and the natural rights of people such as Government should protect people’s Natural Rights People’s Natural Rights according to John Locke Government should protect people’s life, liberty, and property Thomas Jefferson Author of Declaration of Independence and the ideals of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Why did European philosophers use reason to criticize social and political institutions?Read the passage below and then give one idea from each of the three Enlightenment Thinker Philosophes? French for philosophers, thinkers - applied scientific method to social problems, challenged old beliefs!1. François-Marie Arouet or more commonly nnown as Voltaire~Wrote more than 70 books under the name Voltaire - spoke out against religious intolerance, superstition in Church - called for freedom of speech, believed people had right to liberty2. Baron de Montesquieu ~ Believed liberty was a natural right; opposed absolute monarchs. Believed government should have three branches; check and balance each other - separation of powers that became basis for U.S. Constitution3. Jean Jacques Rousseau ~ Argued democracy was best way to govern; wrote book The Social Contract. Opposed monarchs, nobility; felt people should vote on government - his beliefs, especially that of equality, sometimes led to revolt (The French Revolution and then the American Revolution) Educational Film: Absolutism - Enlightenment and Rulership (2:26 min) After watching the video clip, answer the following questions. Who lived with riches during the Age of Absolutism. Please check all that apply. Mrs. Barnes Kings and Queens Nobility and the Aristocracy Common People Frederick the II saw himself as an Enlightened Monarch which ment he ruled how? In the best interest of his people In the best interest of the Church In the best interests of the scientists Absolute Monarchs in Europe World History Rap After watching and listening to the rap video, mark the statements as true or false. Divine Right rule means that the ruler (King or Queen) was chosen by God to rule. True False Phillip the II of Spain was a Catholic Divine Right Ruler. True False The French King, Louis XIV (fourteenth), also known as the Sun King built the Palace of Versailles. True False France was the first European country to become a Constitutional Monarhy. True False Power of Absolute MonarchsWrite down 3factual statements after reading thge passge below. In the 1500s, 1600s and 1700s, some monarchs in Europe became very wealthy. As a result, they were able to pay for large and powerful armies and expand their land and power. These kings and queens are known as Absolute Monarchs. Most of the countries in Europe were ruled by absolute monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries. Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, Charles I of England and Phillip the II of Spain were examples of absolute monarchs. Many absolute monarchs consolidated and maintained their power by punishing those who opposed them and questioned their right to rule. (Divine Right).SUMMARIZE the passage by writing down three factual statements123