AP Psychology Review Units 6 & 7

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY(7-9%) Which of the following presents body parts in the correct order in which a child will develop control over them? Extremities, head, hips Torso, arms fingers Head, torso, arms Which of the following best represents Elizabeth Loftus's view on childhood memory? Childhood memories do not predate four years old. Childhood memories are often more accurate than we realize. Childhood memories are easy to manipulate. According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children understand the world by: interacting with it observing it interpreting it A pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them is called assimilation encoding retrieval schema Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Label the stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development in the image using the words below:Concrete OperationalPreoperationalFormal OperationalSensorimotor Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational Which developmental psychologist proposed a theory of cultural and biosocial development? Edward Thorndike Elizabeth Loftus Lawrence Kohlberg Lev Vygotsky John Bowlby's attachment theory suggests that attachment behavior in infants is innate developed by the time they are 24 mos. old learned conditioned The framework for organizing boy-girl characteristics is known as gender role gender norm gender schema gender expectation Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development Label the diagram with the correct stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development:ConventionalPreconventionalPostconventional Postconventional Conventional Preconventional Stages of Development Match the example to the correct stage of development. Preconventional "I can steal a cookie as long as I don't get caught." Conventional "Rick should do the dishes because he loves his wife." Postconventional "You shouldn't lie, because that's breaking the Golden Rule (treat others the way you want to be treated)." Sensorimotor "My baby niece started crying when I tried to play Peek-A-Boo with her. When I popped up, she calmed down." Preoperational "My son loves to play house with his kitchen set!" Concrete Operational "Emily wasn't fooled when I tried to split the graham cracker unevenly. She knew I was giving her the smaller piece, even though we both had two pieces." Formal Operational "Vidya understood that the color red symbolized love throughout the film." Erikson's Psychosocial Development Label the diagram with the correct terms related to Erik Erikson'stheory of psychosocial development:initiative v. guiltinfancyschool ageearly childhoodyoung adulthoodrole confusionego integritystagnation early childhood initiative v. guilt school age role confusion young adulthood stagnation ego integrity infancy Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development Pt. I Match the stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development with the correct description. Trust vs. Mistrust If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. Autonomy vs. Shame Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities. Integrity vs. Despair When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure. Generativity vs. Stagnation The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development: Pt. II Match the stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development with the correct description. Intimacy vs. Isolation Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated. Initiative vs. Guilt Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent. Identity vs. Confusion Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. Industry vs. Inferiority Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior. MOTIVATION, EMOTION, PERSONALITY(11-15%) Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of motives? biological learned cognitive stimulus An innate and consistent pattern of complex behavior performed the same way by every member of a species is called a(n) drive trait instinct genetic predisposition Theories of Motivation Match the theory of motivation with the correct description. Instinct Theory We are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors and urges. Drive Reduction Theory We are motivated by a desire for homeostasis. Incentive Theory We are motivated by external stimuli that pull our behaviors. Arousal Theory We are motivated to seek an optimum level of stimulation. Self-Actualization Theory We are motivated by needs that are not equal (basic needs first). Primary vs. Secondary Drives Sort the examples under the correct type of drive. Primary Drives thirst hunger sex shelter Secondary Drives money fear status achievement Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Label the image with the correct terms for each level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs:love Self-actualization esteem love safety physiological Which term best explains why being rewarded for doing something diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action? paradox of choice overjustification effect anchoring effect spotlight effect Damage to which part of the brain will cause an individual to feel full? lateral hypothalamus hippocampus medulla ventromedial hypothalamus Which part of the brain tells you when you are satiated? lateral hypothalamus medulla amygdala ventromedial hypothalamus Appetite Hormones Match the appetite hormone to the correct description. Ghrelin Appetite stimulant; hormone released by stomach when body needs good; sends "hungry" signal to LH Insulin Hormone released by pancreas; regulates amount of glucose in blood system Leptin Satiety hormone; secreted by fat cells; travels to VMH to signal that body has enough energy Orexin Appetite stimulant; produced by neurons in LH; also plays role in sexual behavior and wakefulness PYY Satiety hormone; peptide YY; located in digestive tract; sends signal to brain: "NOT HUNGRY!" Theories of Emotion Label the chart with the correct theory of emotion:SchachterCannon-BardCommon senseJames-Lange Common sense James-Lange Cannon-Bard Schachter