The Big Bang Theory

1. Watch This Video - Origins of the Universe 101 - National Geographic 2. Match the terms with their definitions Touch the boxes you want to connect! Celestial object any object outside or above Earth's atmosphere Universe everything in existence; all matter, space and energy Big Bang Theory all matter and energy started out in one small point, then exploded and continues to expand. Doppler Effect shifting of wavelengths due to movement towards or away from another object. Red Shift As objects move AWAY from Earth, the spectral lines will shift towards the RED end of the spectrum. Blue Shift As objects move TOWARDS Earth, the spectral lines will shift towards the BLUE end of the spectrum. Cosmic Background Radiation microwave energy in all parts of the universe left over from the Big Bang Galaxy A collection of billions of star, gas and dust held together by gravity Milky Way Galaxy our galaxy Star large ball of gas and dust held together by gravity that makes energy and shines 3. Sort the characteristics with the appropriate terms Touch the word, then a drop down menu of choices appear! Universe 13.7 billion years old all matter, energy and space in existence largest Our Solar System Sun is the central star 4.6 billion years old smallest central star with planets, asteroids and other objects orbiting it. Galaxy groups of billions of stars center is a black hole 2nd largest 4. As you read the passage, click on the blank. Use the word bank to complete the statement. The universe is composed of empty space, matter and energy. Most of the universe is empty space. It is estimated to be 10-14 billion years old. The Big Bang Theory explains that initially all matter and energy was concentrated into one small, hot dense point. A sudden "big bang" expansion occurred that resulted in matter moving away from each other. Since that time, the universe continues to expand. There are two pieces of evidence of the Big Bang Theory. One piece of evidence for the "big bang" is the detection of cosmic background radiation caused by this massive expansion. Microwave energy is found evenly in all directions in the universe. A second evidence is that light from most distant stars is shifted towards the red end of the visible spectrum. This is known as the Doppler red shift. Light waves spread apart and shift towards the red end of the spectrum as stars move away from each other in the expanding universe. After the "big bang" event, the universe cooled and matter began to organize into sub-atomic particles (protons, electrons and neutrons). These particles formed elements of hydrogen, helium and lithium. Within a few hundred million to a billion years, atoms organized into celestial bodies and then stars. As this organization of matter was occurring, the universe kept expanding in all directions and continues to expand at the present time. 5. Question: How is the Doppler Effect evidence of the Big Bang Theory?Answer: Scientists observed that light from distant stars and galaxies is shifted to the red end of the spectrum (Red Shift) indicating that the object is moving away from us. Use the diagram below to answer #'s 6 -9. 6. How is galaxy C moving relative to Earth (Laboratory Hydrogen Spectral Lines - top spectrum)? It is stationary relative to Earth. It is moving away from Earth. It is moving towards from Earth. 7. How is galaxy A moving relative to Earth (Laboratory Hydrogen Spectral Lines- top spectrum)? It is stationary relative to Earth. It is moving away from Earth. It is moving towards from Earth. 8. How is galaxy B moving relative to Earth (Laboratory Hydrogen Spectral Lines - top spectrum)? It is stationary relative to Earth. It is moving away from Earth. It is moving towards from Earth. 9. How is galaxy C moving relative to Earth (Laboratory Hydrogen Spectral Lines - top spectrum)? It is stationary relative to Earth. It is moving away from Earth. It is moving towards from Earth. The next set of questions does not need the above diagram.10. From you location, what is the best definition of a celestial object? any object in the universe any object in the universe above Earth's atmosphere any object in the universe outside of our solar system 11. The age the universe is measured to be 10 to 20 thousands of years. millions of years. billions of years. trillions of years. 12. Studies of the universe generally indicate that almost all galaxies appear to moving away from Earth. few galaxies other than ours exist. all galaxies are approximately the same size. all galaxies are spiral. 13. Background radiation detected in space is believed to be evidence that the universe began with an explosion. the universe is contracting. all matter in the universe is stationary. galaxies are evenly spaced throughout the universe. 14. Which statement best describes how most galaxies move? Galaxies move toward one another. Galaxies move away from one another. Galaxies move randomly. Galaxies do not move. 15. Which theory is best supported by a Doppler shift of spectal lines toward the red end of the spectrum? creation of the solar system expanding universe nature of light formation of crater