Energy System Interplay

match the key term with the correct definition oxygen uptake the amount of oxygen transported to, taken up by and used by the body for energy production VO2Max the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can take in transport and use for energy production when exercise intensity increases and oxygen supply is less than oxygen demand oxygen deficit when oxygen supply equals oxygen demand and ATP demand is met by the aerobically steady state EPOC The amount of oxygen consumed above resting levels during the recovery period after exercise has finished oxygen demand the amount of oxygen required to meet the energy needs aerobically oxygen demand steady state Excess post oxygen consumption oxygen deficit resting oxygen consumption oxygen uptake rest start exercise end exercise recovery Oxygen Deficit when exercise begins, atp demand and therefore oxygen demand increase immediately.Oxygen uptake begins to increase and the body attempts to meet the increased oxygen demand of the working musclesThe respiratory and cardiovascular systems play the major role in increasing oxygen uptake and transport to the working muscles.When exercise begins and at any time during exercise performance when exercise intensity increases, there is a period of time where there is a discrepancy between the amount of oxygen required for a given exercise intensity and the amount actually supplied and used.This discrepancy is referred to as the oxygen deficit . This means that the anaerobic energy systems must provide energy to fill this deficit.The oxygen deficit occurs because the respiratory and circulatory systems take some time to adjust to the new oxygen demand (even at low exercise intensities).The size of the oxygen deficit depends on the increase in exercise intensity, the duration of high intensity exercise, as well as if the athlete has completed a warm upand how aerobically trained the athlete is.These adjustments involve such things as increased: respiratory frequency (breaths per minute), tidal volume (depth of breathing), heart rate (number of times the heart beats per minute), stroke volume (amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat).the state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand and ATP demand is met by the aerobic energy system is known as the steady stateat this time there is no need to increase oxygen uptake (VO2) further and a plateau in heart rate and ventilation occurs.there is little reliance on the anaerobic energy systems to supply energy for ATP resynthesis.It takes time for the increase in oxygen supply to meet the increased demand. The time taken depends on exercise intensity. The higher the intensity the longer it will take.What happens if you are in a steady state and then you maintain your pace going up a hill?1. exercise intensity increases again, the demand for ATP resynthesis and oxygen also increases.2. It takes time for oxygen uptake to increase sufficiently for supply to equal demand,3. the anaerobic pathways must supplement the energy supply.4. As the oxygen uptake increases to the required level, a second aerobic steady state is achieved.5. The process of increasing oxygen uptake and reaching a new steady state can only occur when lactate removal is greater than production.Trained aerobic athletes will be able to increase oxygen supply faster and reach a steady state sooner.This also means that the oxygen deficit will be smaller The amount of oxygen consumed above resting levels during the recovery period after exercise has finished (post exercise) is known as excess post oxygen consumptionThis can be thought of the physiological process of recoveryOxygen can be viewed as the ‘currency’ the body uses in order to ‘purchase’ (resynthesise) ATP.In the end all ATP energy requires oxygenwhen there is insufficient oxygen, (oxygen-deficit) the muscles must get the ATP from the anaerobic energy systems if they are to increase force production .Although They don’t rely directly on oxygen, they have an oxygen cost or an “oxygen debt” that needs to be paid back during recoveryAfter exercise ends, oxygen consumption (or VO2) gradually returns to resting levels, while the demand for ATP resynthesis decreases dramatically. Using The ATP-CP system results in depleted CP stores that needs to be replenishedUsing anaerobic glycolysis results in accumulated lactate and Hydrogen ions that need to be removed.Body temperature also contributes toThese processes require the consumption of oxygen above resting levelsThe factors associated with EPOC include the following:Atp Resynthesis (from ADP and pI)CPresynthesis (from Cr and Pi)Restoring oxygen to the muscle fibres (myoglobin)Returning body temperature to normalClearing lactate and hydrogen ionsRestoring the heart rate and ventilation to pre-exercise levelsEPOC recovery may take several hours, depending on intensity, duration and aerobic fitness of the athlete, before returning to pre-exercise oxygen consumption levels. Surfing contests require the surfer to perform heats and then finals. Each heat lasts for 20 minutes and they are scored on their best four waves.In each heat the surfer has to• sprint to the water with their surfboard• paddle out• sit and wait for a good wave• pick the better waves and then perform a series of technical manoeuvres and crazy tricks• have astounding body control on the water and in the air. The body also has to absorb forces when landing tricks• paddle back out after each wave that they ‘ride’ and wait for the next good wave.Using the information provided, FILL IN THE BLANKS to discuss the interplay of the three energy systems in surfing At the start of the heat, all three energy systems would be contributing to the ATP requirements of the surfer.For the first five seconds of the sprint to the water, the surfer would predominantly be using the ATP-CP system and the breakdown of ATP and CP to fuel the activity because it is a high intensity, short duration activity.After this, the anaerobic glycolysissystem would start to dominate if the activity continued to be high intensity, for example, sprinting to the water carrying a board, running in the water and then lying on the board to paddle out and catch a wave.After 10–20 seconds, any high-intensity activity would be powered predominantly by the anaerobic glycolysis system.As the heat continued, explosive energy for rapid movements would require the incomplete breakdown of glucose because there may not be enough time to recharge the ATP-CP system.The duration of the heat (20 minutes) indicates an important reliance on the aerobic energy system for muscular contraction. The surfer is required to paddle out, catch a wave and perform rapid movements on the board. When finished riding the wave, he has to paddle back again so movement is fairly continuous.While waiting for a good wave, the surfer uses the aerobic energy system to partially replenishment of CPfrom the high-intensity bouts of physical activity. Volleyball is a team sport and a match generally takes between 30 and 60 minutes. Players are involved in high-intensity, short-duration movements, such as serving, passing, setting, spiking and blocking.The game is explosive in nature with rest periods between points. a. Using the information provided, describe the interplay of the three energy systems in volleyball. 6 marks All three energy systems would contribute to the energy requirements of the player during the game. Depending on the intensity and duration of the activity, their contribution will vary throughout the game.During plays that are high intensity, explosive and short duration such as blocking or spiking the ATP-CP system would be dominant as it has the fastest rate of ATP production. (2 marks)The aerobic system is used during periods of low intensity when the demand for ATP is low (such as between points) and there is sufficient oxygen to be used to replenish the CP stores ATP-CP system. (2 marks)The anaerobic glycolysis system is used for repeated efforts such as extended rally’s or when a player continuously blocks and spikes where the ATP-CP system's CP stores would become depleted as there may not be sufficient time to replenish CP stores. (2 marks)Due to the length of the contest (30-60 minutes) the aerobic energy system would be overall predominately.