Chapter 3- Earth's Environmental Systems Test

Test your knowledge of Earth's systems: matter, spheres, water, and cycles!

The basic units of matter, the smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of an element, are called atoms lipids compounds molecules Because of their large size, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are together called solutions elements hydrocarbons macromolecules Why is water often called "the universal solvent"? It can dissolve many other molecules Water can turn into a solid form Water is a type of solution It solves most of the world's environmental problems Thermoregulation and blood sugar regulation are both examples of a --- system with no feedback positive feedback loop negative feedback loop destabilizing system Which sphere of Earth is made of all the rock above and below Earth's surface? lithosphere geosphere hydrosphere atmosphere The lithosphere is carried on a softer, but still firm, layer of rock called the geosphere core crust asthenosphere Which sphere are humans a part of? geosphere hydrosphere biosphere atmosphere A change in state in which water returns to Earth's surface and changes from a vapor to a liquid is called condensation transpiration evaporation recharge Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called legumes decomposers fertilizers nutrients What products are created by the process of photosynthesis? the sun's light and energy oxygen and carbohydrates phosphorus and nitrogen carbon dioxide and water All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called covalent compound matter carbon The central core of every atom, containing particles called protons and neutrons, is called a(n) electron bond nucleus compound Which type of macromolecules is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur, and can produce tissues, act as hormones and serve as enzymes? proteins lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates Water molecules are composed of two oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom A process in which an event acts as both an input and output of the same system is called a(n) feedback loop Earth system photosynthesis lithosphere The thin layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin both on dry land and in the ocean is called Earth's core crust mantle asthenosphere Which of Earth's spheres consists of the layers of gases surrounding our planet? geosphere biosphere atmosphere hydrosphere Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere is closest to Earth? mesosphere troposphere exosphere stratosphere Water which returns from the atmosphere to Earth's surface as rain or snow is called evaporation transpiration condensation precipitation Nutrients circulate endlessly throughout the environment in complex cycles called eutrophication cycles respiration cycles photosynthesis cycles biogeochemical cycles What is the term for organisms, including plants and algae, that create their own food? consumers producers legumes decomposers The phrase "living organisms give off moisture through respiration and perspiration" shows an interaction between what two of Earth's spheres? geosphere hydrosphere hydrosphere atmosphere biosphere hydrosphere biosphere atmosphere Which of the following are common sources of phosphorous? gases in the atmosphere fertilizer and detergent snow and rain volcanoes During the process of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas is converted to water phosphorus ammonia carbon dioxide Nitrogen is returned to the Earth through the process of -- denitrification assimilation decomposition ammonification True or False: A(n) compound is a chemical substance with a given set of properties that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties. True False True or False: Because water molecules are polar, they tend to repel on another. True False True or False: Sometimes, an output of a system is also an input for the same system. True False True or False: Tectonic plates move apart from one another at convergent plate boundaries. True False True or False:Type II diabetes is due to beta cells that do not work properly. True False True or False: The Haber-Bosch Process enabled people to fix nitrogen artificially. True False True or False: Oceans, polar ice caps, and groundwater would all be considered part of Earth's atmosphere. True False True or False: Water also enters the atmosphere by condensation, the release of water vapor by plants through their leaves. True False True or False: Our atmosphere is 98% nitrogen gas. True False True or False: Phosphorous is NOT found in the free state in nature, but is contained mostly in plants and animals. True False _ are polymers that consist of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids Earth's _ consists of all the planet's living or once-living things and the nonliving parts of the environment with which they interact. lithosphere biosphere hydrosphere atmosphere Aquifers hold _, fresh water found underground. ocean water cloud water rain water ground water In a process called _, the addition of phosphorous to bodies of water can lead to an overgrown of producers (usually algae). respiration eutrophication transpiration respiration Nitrogen _ is the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia. fixation assimilation ammonification evaporation _ are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. carbon hydrogen inorganic compounds hydrocarbons The acidity of basicity of a solution is described by the _ scale. color pH taste smell A _ feedback loop results in a system moving to an extreme. positive negative neutral none of the above As the asthenosphere moves, it drags along large plates of crust called _ plates. volcanic earthquake tectonic lithospheric In _, producers pull carbon dioxide out of their environment and combine it with water in the presence of sunlight. photosynthesis cellular respiration carbon cycle water cycle In order for phosphorous to leave the oceanic environment, geologic _ must occur. underthrust evaporation condensation upthrust The Law of Conservation of _ states that matter can not be created nor destroyed. mass matter gravity energy Pick the correct equation for photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 12CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 12CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy Pick the correct equation for cellular respiration: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 12CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 12CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy Properties of Water Cohesion The attraction of water molecules to each other Adhesion The attraction of water molecules to a surface Surface Tension Property that minimizes surface area and creates tension among the surface Capillary Action The ability of liquids to flow against gravity Layers of the Atmosphere Exosphere Outermost layer, extremely thin, does not have outer limit, atoms and molecules escape into space from his region Thermosphere Hottest layer, contains charged atoms and molecules known as the ionosphere Mesosphere Coldest layer, most meteors burn up in this layer creating shooting stars Stratosphere Contains the ozone layer that absorbs ultra violet rays from sun and protects us from radiation Troposphere Closest to Earth's surface, holds most of atmosphere's mass, where clouds form and where weather happens. Earth's Layers Crust Outermost layer of the planet Mantle Hot, dense, asphalt-like layer of rock that flows causing the plates of Earth to move Lithosphere Includes crust and upper mantle that are made of rigid, brittle rock plates that move. Asthenosphere Heat from the core causes convection currents in this layer to slowly move Earth's crust. Outer Core Made of liquid iron, nickel, sulfur and oxygen. Creates magnetic field. Inner Core Hottest part of Earth, solid ball of iron and nickel. Plate Boundaries Copy and paste the type of plate boundary into the correct image:TRANSFORM --- DIVERGENT --- CONVERGENT DIVERGENT TRANSFORM CONVERGENT Which of the plate boundaries pictured above would be found in California and is the origin of many of North America's most severe earthquakes? A B C None of them Which of the plate boundaries pictured above would cause landforms such as mountains and islands to form? A B C None of them Which of the plate boundaries pictured above illustrates the process that created the Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge? A B C None of them Negative Feedback Loop- Normal Pathway Fill in the normal following negative feedback loop by copying and pasting the following words:* Hint- Some words may be used more than once *EFFECTOR --- RECEPTOR --- STIMULUS --- RESPONSE EFFECTOR STIMULUS RESPONSE RECEPTOR STIMULUS RESPONSE EFFECTOR Negative Feedback- Thermoregulation Fill in the following negative feedback loop for thermoregulation by copying and pasting the following words:INCREASE HEAT --- HYPOTHALAMUS --- TOO COLD --- TOO HOT --- CAPILLARIES GLANDS DILATE --- DECREASE HEAT --- CAPILLARIES GLANDS CONSTRICT CAPILLARIES GLANDS DILATE CAPILLARIES GLANDS CONSTRICT TOO HOT TOO COLD HYPOTHALAMUS DECREASE HEAT INCREASE HEAT Negative Feedback- Blood Sugar Regulation Fill in the following negative feedback loop for blood sugar regulation by copying and pasting the following words:* BGL stands for "Blood Glucose Levels" *PANCREAS --- BGL IS LOWERED --- BETA CELLS --- BGL TOO HIGH --- BGL IS INCREASED --- BGL TOO LOW --- ALPHA CELLS PANCREAS BETA CELLS ALPHA CELLS BGL TOO HIGH BGL TOO LOW BGL IS LOWERED BGL IS INCREASED The Water Cycle Copy and paste the words into the correct blanks on the water cycle diagram.PRECIPITATION --- TRANSPIRATION --- GROUND WATER --- CONDENSATION --- RUNOFF --- EVAPORATION --- PERCOLATION --- INFILTRATION CONDENSATION EVAPORATION TRANSPIRATION RUNOFF GROUND WATER PRECIPITATION INFILTRATION PERCOLATION The Carbon Cycle Copy and paste the words into the correct blanks on the carbon cycle diagram.WASTE --- ATMOSPHERIC CO2 --- CELLULAR RESPIRATION --- BURNING FOSSIL FUELS --- UPTAKE --- INDUSTRIAL CO2 --- FORMATION OF FOSSIL FUELS --- PHOTOSYNTHESIS --- DECOMPOSITION INDUSTRIAL CO2 ATMOSPHERIC CO2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS UPTAKE WASTE FORMATION OF FOSSIL FUELS DECOMPOSITION