Makeup of the atom

Discover the tiny building blocks of matter! Learn about atoms, protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Makeup of the AtomIt is hard to believe how tiny an atom is. Yes, the tiny atom is made up of even smaller parts. Can you imagine how small these parts are?An atom has three main parts: Protons, Neutrons, and ElectronsProtons and neutrons make up the center of an atom. The center part of an atom is called the nucleus.The electrons are outside the nucleus in an electron cloud. They spin around the nucleus at great speeds. Electrons are much smaller than protons or neutrons.Protons and electrons have equal but opposite electrical charges.Each proton has a positive (+) charge.Each electron has a negative (-) chargeA neutron is neutral. It has no charge.An atom has the same number of protons and electrons.# Protons = # ElectronsThis means that the number of positive (+) charges equals the number of negative (-) charges. They balance each other. Because of this, the entire atom has no charge.The atomic number is also the same as the number of protons.# Protons = Atomic numberThree things, then, are equal: the number of protons, the number of electrons, and the atomic number.Atomic number = # Protons = # ElectronsRemember this. If you know any one of these numbers, you know the number of the other two. They are all the same! Fill in the names of the parts on the image below. Nucleus Electron Fill in the blank with the correct vocabulary word. The parts that make up a nucleus are protonsand neutrons. A proton is larger than an electron. An electron is smaller than a neutron. A proton has a positive charge. An electron has a negative charge. A neutron has a neutral charge. An entire atom has a neutral charge. Using your periodic table fill in the chart below. Name of Element Symbol Atomic Number Number of Protons Number of Electrons 1. Oxygen O 8 8 8 2. Calcium Ca 20 20 20 3. Iodine I 53 53 53 4. Sodium Na 11 11 11 5. Silver Ag 47 47 47 6. Sulfur S 16 16 16 7. Mercury Hg 80 80 80 8. Iron Fe 26 26 26 Understanding Atomic Mass Every atom has mass. the mass of an atom is called its Atomic Mass.The mass of an atom is the mass of its nucleus. A nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Therefore. the number of protons plus the number of neutrons gives is the atomic mass of an atom. Electrons are so small, that they have little effect on atomic mass. Using the paragraph above fill in the blank with the correct vocabulary word. 1. What is the center part of the atom called? nucleus 2. What parts make up the nucleus? (2 answers _ and _) protons and neutrons 3. The weight of an atoms is the mass of its (2 answers _ and _) protons and neutrons 4. Atomic mass = (_+_) protons + neutrons Using your periodic table complete the table below. Name of Element Symbol Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Atomic Mass 1. Neon Ne 10 10 20 2. Cobalt Co 27 32 59 3. Gold Au 79 118 197 4. Chlorine Cl 17 18 35 5. Thorium Th 90 142 232 6. Lead Pb 82 125 207 7. Nickel Ni 28 31 59 8. Chromium Cr 24 28 52 9. Silicon Si 14 14 28 10. Tungsten W 74 110 184 Use your knowledge to complete the table below. Element Listed Atomic Mass Atomic Massrounded off 1. Copper 63.54 64 2. Calcium 40.08 40 3. Fluorine 18.99 19 4. Strontium 87.62 88 5. Barium 137.34 137 6. Titanium 47.90 48 7. Magnesium 24.31 24 8. Argon 39.94 40 9. Erbium 167.26 167 10. Zirconium 91.22 91 Figure 2 shows an atom. Study the figure and answer the following questions. 1. How many protons does the atom in figure 2 have? 3 2. How many neutrons? 4 3. How many electrons? 3 4. What is the atomic mass of this atom? 7 5. What is the name and symbol of this atom? Name: Lithium Symbol: Li Figure 3 shows an atom. Study the figure ans answer the following questions. 6. How many protons does the atom in figure 3 have? 6 7. How many neutrons? 6 8. How many electrons? 6 9. What is the atomic mass of this atom? 12 10. What is the name and symbol of this atom? Name: Carbon Symbol: C Complete the sentences with the correct choices. Words may be used two or three times. All matter is made up of tiny atoms. The three main parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. A nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Electrons circle the nucleus. A proton has a positive charge; and an electron has a negative charge. An entire atom has a neutral charge. Protons=Electrons=Atomic Number. The atomic mass of an atom is the weight of its protons and neutrons. Each proton or neutron is given a mass of one. In figuring atomic mass, we do not count the mass of an atom's electrons. Match the two lists. no charge Neutron add protons and neutrons to find atomic mass make up a nucleus Protons and Neutrons positive charge Proton negative charge Electron