Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Notes

Density The amount of mass in a given volumeDensity = Massdivided by volumeAll solids, liquids, and gases have densityThe density of water is 1 g that have a density greaterthan 1 g will sinkin waterObjects that have a density lessthan 1 g will floatin water Density of Regular Shaped Objects Masscan be determined using a triple beam balance or an electronic scaleVolumecan be determined by measuring and multiplying: Length x Width x HeightExamples of regular shaped objects – tissue box, packing box, cube Example 1 - Calculate the Density of the object below Mass = 48 gramsVolume = L x W x HVolume = 4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cmVolume = 24 cm^3Density = Mass ÷ VolumeDensity = 48 g ÷ 24 cm^3Density = 2 g Example #2 - Calculate the Density of the object below Mass = 136gVolume = 8 cm^3Density = Mass ÷ VolumeDensity = 136 g ÷ 8 cm^3Density = 17 g Density of Irregular Shaped Objects Mass can be determined using a triple beam balanceor an electronic scaleVolume can be determined using waterdisplacement with a graduated cylinderExamples of irregular shaped objects – rock or mineral, jewelry, paperclip Example 1 Mass = 60gDensity = Mass ÷ VolumeDensity = 60 g ÷ 12 mLDensity = 5 g Example 2 Mass = 90gDensity = Mass ÷ VolumeDensity = 90 g÷ 15 mLDensity = 6 g Properties of Metals ShinyHigh melting pointMostly silver or gray in colorMostly solids at room temperature – Mercury (Hg) is a liquid at room temperatureMalleable – able to be hammered into a thin sheetDuctile – able to be drawn into a wireGood conductors of heat and electricity Examples of Metals GoldSilverCopper Properties of Nonmetals DullLow melting pointBrittle – break easilyNot malleableNot ductilePoor conductors of heat and electricity Examples of Nonmetals HydrogenCarbonNeon Properties of Metalloids Found on the “zig-zag” line on the Periodic Table of ElementsHave properties of both metals and nonmetalsCan be shiny or dullSemiconductors – able to conduct electricity under certain conditions Examples of Metalloids BoronSiliconAntimony