Natural Resources

Groundwater and Aquifers What is Groundwater? Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. Which of the following is NOT a location that groundwater can be found underground? Soil Sand Rock Volcanoes How Much Do We Depend on Groundwater? - Groundwater supplies drinking water for 51% of the total U.S. population and 99% of the rural population.- Groundwater helps grow our food. 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to grow crops.- Groundwater is an important component in many industrial processes.- Groundwater is a source of recharge for lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Fill in the missing terms to make the statements true. Groundwater supplies drinking water for 51% of the total US population and 99% of the rural population. Groundwater is a source of recharge for lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Aquifers The area where water fills the aquifer is called the saturated zone (or saturation zone). The top of this zone is called the water table. The water table may be located only a foot below the ground’s surface or it can sit hundreds of feet down. Fill in the missing words. Aquifers are typically made up of gravel, sand, sandstone, or fractured rock, like limestone. The speed at which groundwater flows depends on the size of the spaces in the soil or rock and how well the spaces are connected. Groundwater supplies are replenished, or recharged, by rain and snow melt that seeps down into the cracks and crevices beneath the land's surface. Groundwater can also be extracted through a well drilled into the aquifer. In areas where material above the aquifer is permeable, pollutants can readily sink into groundwater supplies. Aquifer Questions Use the 3 maps below to answer the questions.You may need to analyze more than one map for some questions. MAP 1 MAP 2 Shows the Type of rock Location in North America Map 3 SELECT 4 US regions where major aquifers can be found. CA Central Valley Northwest coast to the left of the Rockies but not the coast Midwest to the right of the Rockies Southeast Northeastern Coast Northeast inner land Southwest SELECT 5 regions where sedimentary rocks are found.Hint: Think overall region, there might be small pieces of other colors but try to think more generally. Appalachian Mountains Western coast Midwest To the left of the Rockies, not including the coast. To the right of the Rockies. Southeast Northeast Southwest Select the major US region (1) that consists of igneous rocks. Near the western coast Southeast Near the eastern coast Northeast Midwest Where are metamorphic rocks found in the highest density in the US? Near the western coast Midwest Near the eastern coast Southwest Which type of rock is found at the US locations of aquifers? (You may need to use multiple maps) Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous Predict which type of rock would most likely be found in the same area as the aquifers located in Africa. Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Bonnie Clyde are look for a place to build a new home. They want to build in an area near a good source of groundwater such as an aquifer.What area should they start looking in and why? ( Select 2) They should find an area that contains no porous or permeable rock formations. Porosity and permeability accelerate water evaporation resulting in less groundwater. They should examine a nearby geological basin containing permeable rock formations. because Permeable rock formations such as geological basins have the highest probably of having a large aquifer. They should begin their search in a low-lying area (an estuary) near the shore of the nearby Atlantic Ocean. Gravity pulls water down towards these low areas. They should locate a suitable dig site at a high-elevation area on a jagged mountain peak. Large aquifers are often found at High-elevations and mountain summits. Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas (Non- Renewable resources) Oil Production by Country Graph Which THREE countries had the highest oil production in 2014? Saudia Arabia Iraq Argentina Iran Russia China United States Algeria WhichTWO countries begin to produce oil in similar amounts as the US around the 1980's? Algeria Iraq Argentina Iran Russia China Saudi Arabia Use the following 2 maps to answer the questions below. Which THREE countries from the list below have the largest coal reserves? US Japan South Africa Russia India Canada Which continent has the largest coal reserves? North America Africa South America Australia Asia Europe Coal is a sedimentary rock made from the remains of swampy plant material. It takes millions of years for this material to compress into coal. Finding large amounts of coal in an area gives scientists an idea of what the environment was like millions of years ago.What would the environment have been like millions of years ago in the areas of the world which currently have large coal reserves? The exact same as it is today A dry and desolate desert Lush Swampy, forested, or marine areas full of life We can't know because they didn't have Photosback then The two new maps below are used for the questions that follow. Which THREE countries have the largest natural gas reserves? US Russia Venezuela Iran Indonesia Saudi Arabia Qatar Use the maps below showing heat being released at tectonic plate boundaries to answer the following questions. Where is the heat most concentrated on our planet? In the oceans In the middle of continents Which TWO regions are closest to high levels of heat? Western US Australia Western Africa Middle East Eastern South America Canada Northern Asia What connection can be made between the location of fossil fuels and the concentration of heat on our planet? What does this say about the conditions needed to form fossil fuels? Using the information in the video answer the 8 questions below( you may pause and restart to help you) Make sure you are applying what you are learning and logic to the questions. 1.What are three fossil fuels listed in the video? Solar Gas Coil Oil Wind 2.How long does it take these non-renewable resources to form? hundreds of year Millions of years about 1 persons lifetime a few hours 3.What is the process that creates Kerogen? Marine organisms died and settled at the bottom of the ocean and without oxygen this substance was formed Extreme Heat and Pressure within the Earth caused Heat plumes to boil rocks into this substance. H2O mixed with Co2 then the combustable liquid created was ground down by minerals at the bottom of the ocean to form this substance 4.What processes are required to convert Kerogen into oil or gas? The chemical make up of the surrounding rocks cause a physical reaction to occur within the organisms that make up kerogen converting it. Heat and pressure from layers above press on Kerogen converting it. It is a man made product and therefor must be created in a lab and modified into oil or gas Marine organisms watch TikTok to learn the dance that is necessary for them to be converted into oil or gas. 5.What happens and how does the oil and gas get to the surface? It doesn't Pressure and movement of earths crust pushes the oil and gas up and allow it to squeeze around rocks and onto the surface. They are both less dense and therefor will float towards the surface using nuclear fusion to propel them away from the crust. 6.If they don’t reach the surface what happens to the oil and gas?(check all that apply) They can power through any layer anytime They get trapped under impermeable layers within the Earth It dies They form Oil or Gas Reservoirs They explode through the surface in the form of a volcano 7.What are some alternative or renewable sources of energy?(check all that Apply) Solar Biofuels Oil Gas Wind 8.Why might we use those instead of non-renewable resources or Fossil fuels? Non-Renewable resources are finite or limited and can one day run out. Renewable resources are finite or limited and can one day run out. Non- renewable resources can be replenished in out lifetime and are much cheaper that non-renewable resources. The Movement of Tectonic plates(movement of oil or gas reservoirs underground) caused some area to not be rich in Non-renewable resources but can be ideal for Renewable resources. Using The Map and reasoning, choose FOUR NON-renewable resources from the list below. Coal Textiles Gas Dairy Products Petroleum Oil Copper Minerals Map 1: Mineral Resource Distribution Map 2: Copper Mine Locations Map 3: Plate Boundaries and Volcanoes Reference Maps 1 3, where do you notice the majority of mining sites and volcanic activity being located? Edges of continents Middle of continents Middle of oceans True or False: The same pattern observed in the previous question is also observed when looking specifically at the location of copper mines (Map 2) and the location of plate boundaries (Map 3) True False Which THREE continents have the largest supplies of copper (Map 2)? North America South America Europe Asia Australia Africa Image 1: Raw, unrefined copper Click to fill in the missing words A mineral is most generally defined as, a solid chemical compound that occurs naturally in pure form. As seen in Maps 1 2, most mineral mining operations are taking place at the edges of continents. These edges also correspond with the Plate boundaries seen labeled in Map 3. Copper is one of the most abundant resources found at plate boundaries since the heat generated by magma is essential in the formation of the crystalline structure found in minerals. Image 1 above shows raw, unprocessed copper. The image has characteristics we would expect to observe in an Igneousrock, since we have large chunky crystal pieces, a rough texture, and no foliation. Magma will also carry the smaller copper pieces up through the crust and deposit is closer to the surface. We often find copper ore deposited into layers of Sedimentary rocks that form slightly farther from plate boundaries as rocks are eroded and eventually are compacted into this type of rock. Choose the best explanation for why we see a higher concentration of minerals on the west side of the United States? The deserts in the west are ideal for creating minerals. We know that a plate boundary is right along the coast of western America. The aquifers found underground in the west are used to create minerals. Ms. Sweet loves the west and hid all the minerals there. What type of boundaries do these higher concentration of minerals tend to be located?( select all that apply) hint: use your map Transform Convergent Divergent Insurgent