Minerals

Learning Target:I can explain how minerals are identified using tests for the physical properties of hardness, color, luster, cleavageand streak. What are minerals?Minerals are solid substances found in Earth.All rocks, including most fossils, are made of minerals. Mineral's particles are arranged in a repeating pattern. Different minerals have different characteristics. Scientists classify minerals based on their shape, color, and hardness. Magnificent Minerals (ReadWorks) Minerals are solid substances found in Earth. All rocks, including most fossils, are made of minerals. Different minerals have different characteristics. Scientists classify minerals based on their shape, color, and hardness.Talcis a very soft mineral. It can be white, greenish, or gray. Talc can be ground to make talcum powder, which is used in makeup and baby powder.Haliteis a soft mineral. It is usually white, but it can also be other colors. Halite is also called rock salt. It contains the same chemicals as table salt.Fluoriteis a medium-hard mineral. It can be many different colors. Fluorite contains fluorine, a chemical that is used in toothpaste.Quartzis a hard mineral. It is the most common mineral on Earth and can be found in many colors. It is used to make glass and electronics.Sulfuris a soft mineral. It is yellow in color. When sulfur is mixed with water, it smells unpleasant. Sulfur is used to make rubber and gunpowder.Malachiteis a medium-hard mineral. It is always green and sometimes has stripes. It can be used to make jewelry.Azuriteis a medium-hard mineral. Azurite is deep blue and is used in jewelry. It can also be used to make dye for fabric and paint.Diamondis the hardest mineral. Diamonds can be colorless or colored. They are used in jewelry, and they can also be used in hard tools such as drills and saws.Copyright © 2009 Weekly Reader Corporation. All rights reserved. Used by permission.Weekly Readeris a registered trademark of Weekly Reader Corporation. What are minerals? chemicals used in toothpaste solid substances found in Earth dye for fabric and paint hard tools such as drills and saws What does the author list in this text? types of electronics types of jewelry types of rocks types of minerals Halite is a soft mineral, fluorite is a medium-hard mineral, and quartz is a hard mineral.Based on this evidence, what conclusion can be drawn about minerals? All minerals can be used to make jewelry. Different minerals can have different characteristics. Different minerals are different shades of green. All minerals smell unpleasant when mixed with water. Azurite is used to make dye for fabric and paint.What characteristic of azurite might make it a good mineral for making dye? its color its shape its hardness its texture Fill in the blanks. Diamonds are the hardest mineral. They can be used for jewelry and for hard tools like drills and saws. The way a mineral is used has to do with its characteristics.What evidence from the text supports this statement? Minerals: Formation Minerals form in many ways. Some minerals, such as diamond, form in Earth's mantle. There, high heat and pressure change carbon into hard, sparkling crystals called diamond. Diamonds have many uses. Some are cut and shaped to make jewelry. Most are used on cutting tools such as drills and saws.Other minerals such as calcite, can form at or near Earth's surface. Some calcite forms in the ocean when calcium, oxygen, and carbon combine in sea water. Some ocean animals form calcite shells or other body parts. Calcite also forms as water evaporates in limestone caves.Water also plays a role in forming other minerals. Galena crystals form when hot, mineral-rich water moves slowly through cracks in Earth's crust, mixing with other minerals before it cools and evaporates. What are two ways that minerals can form? Type your answers in complete sentences. Mineral Properties Minerals can be identified by their properties. Streak, luster,andhardness are a few of these properties.Streakis the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile called a streak plate. Usually the streak is the same color as the mineral. Chalcopyrite (chal-koh-PY-ryt), however, looks like shiny gold but has a black streak.streakLusterdescribes the way the surface of a mineral reflects light. Some minerals look shiny, like aluminum foil looks. These minerals have a metallic luster. Others look dull or dark. These minerals have a nonmetallic luster. The sparkling appearance of a diamond is known as a brilliant luster.lusterHardnessis a mineral's ability to resist being scratched. Mohs' hardness scale lists minerals that have hardness from 1 to 10. A mineral with a higher number on the scale can scratch a mineral with a lower number.Moh's hardness scale Vocabulary luster A way that the surface of a mineral reflects light. mineral A natural, solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern. streak The color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile called a streak plate. hardness A mineral's ability to resist being scratched. metallic Shiny looking, like aluminum foil nonmetallic dull or dark Hardness Vs Strength Watch this video and answer the question to the best of your ability. Are hardness and strength the same thing? Why or why not?