Unit 2 - Sensation & Perception Revision Pt. 1

Master sensation & perception! Understand how we see, interpret the world, and organize visual input. Explore brain pathways & perception principles.

Fill in the blank to define sensation and perception. Sensation: is the process by which our sensory receptors and sense organs detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them. The information at this stage is simply raw sensory data. It is meaningless until it is sent to the relevant sensory area in the brain for processing.Perception: refers to the process by which we give meaning to sensory information. This processing results in the conscious experience of our external (and internal) environments. The essence of perception is interpreting sensations. Our sensory systems ‘translate’ the sensations into information that is meaningful and useful. Distinguish between sensation and perception. Reception detecting incoming sensory information responding to incoming sensory information sensory receptors Transduction converting the stimulus original energy into electrochemical energy Transmission from the receptor to the brain electrochemical energy leave receptor site travel along neural pathways to specialized part of the brain via the thalamus Interpretation incoming sensory information is given meaning filters stimuli through selective attention elements of stimuli are grouped to form a whole Describe the sensation and perception process using key terminology. Brain diagram Label the cortical lobes including areas of the cortex involved in processing different sensory information. Parietal lobe Occipital lobe primary visual cortex (vision) primary auditory cortex (hearing) temporal lobe primary olfactory cortex (smell) primary somatosensory cortex (touch) Frontal lobe Primary gustatory (taste) cortex Outline the cortical lobes involved in the processing of vision and gustatory (taste) sensation and perception including the specific areas dedicated to these senses. Vision Sensation The following questions are related to the visual sensation and perception. Vision sensation and perception process Place the correct descriptions and structures under their appropriate headings. Reception light enters the eye light strikes the back of the eye where receptor cells are located in the retina light passes through the cornea, pupil, lens Transduction light hits photoreceptors (rods and cones) transduce the light into electrochemical energy (acton potentials impulses) Transmission impulses are transmitted to the optic nerve impulses are then carried to the occipital lobe Interpretation impulses are then registered in the primary visual cortex where selection occurs visual perception principles are used to perceive the environment in a meaningful way meaning is then assigned to the stimulus Structure Description Cornea Pupil Lens Retina The correct sequence of the pathway of light through the eye and eventually to the brain in another form is cornea, iris, pupil, retina, lens, visual cortex. pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve, visual cortex. cornea, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve, visual cortex. pupil, lens, retina, fovea, optic nerve, visual cortex. Photoreceptors are located in the lens pupil cornea retina Rods respond to low levels of light (night vision) Cones respond to high levels of light (colour vision and high detail) Poor at detecting fine details and not involved in colour vision Rods do not respond well to dim light cones The _ assist us to see in conditions of dim light; whereas the _ assist us to see fine detail, in colour and in bright light. cones; rods lens; cones rods; cones rods; lens Visual Perception Principles This section pertains to visual perception principles: Gestalt principles and Depth Cues (Binocular and Monocular) Gestalt Principles Gestalt principles of visual perception refer to the ways in which we organise the features of a visual scene by grouping them to perceive a whole, complete form Which Gestalt principle is evident in the image above? Describe the essential features of this principle. Identify the Gestalt principle evident in the image above? Justify your answer. A year 7 student arrives for his first House Athletics Day. He's running late and feeling a bit flustered and confused where to go. He looks up to the spectator stand and notices students wearing their House colour tops and he can now easily distinguish between where the Houses are located. As such he quickly finds where he's meant to go. The Year 7 student grouping his peers together based on their House colour tops is an example of... figure-ground proximity similarity closure Proximity Draw an example which demonstrates the Gestalt principle of proximity. Depth Cues Depth cues are sources of information from the environment (external cues) or from within our body (internal cues) that help us to perceive how far away objects are and therefore to perceive depth. Depth cues are often categorised into two groups — binocular or monocular. Depth Cue Description Binocular (Y or N) Monocular (Y or N) Accommodation N Y Convergence Y N Retinal disparity Y N Pictorial cues N Y Monocular use only one eye to provide information to the brain about depth and distance (also operate with both eyes) Binocular require the use of both eyes working together in order to provide info about depth and distance Match the correct description to the correct pictorial cue Texture gradient reduction in detail indicates distance (further away) involves detection of detail of a surface fine/ clear detail indicates closeness (near) Relative Size involves perception of image cast on retina the larger the image of the object on the retina the closer the smaller the image of the object on the retina the further height in the visual field involves judgment of distance with reference to the horizon the closer the object to the horizon the further it is the further the object from the horizon the closer it is Interposition involves judgement of distance when objects overlap if an object covers another, it is perceived as being closer if an object is being covered by another, it is perceived as being further away Label 3 pictorial cues on the image below that are evident. Justify your choices for the image above. We perceive a coin as being round, regardless of the angle from which we view it. What is this an example of?