Unit 1 Final Exam Review P1

Unit 1 (Introduction to EVS)Complete the statements by clicking on the blanks and choosing the correct option. Your Final Exam will be questions from the unit reviews. 1. Environmental science is the study of the impact of humans on the environment.2. What type of things are studied in environmental science?- interactions between living organisms and their nonliving environment- impact of humans on the environment- interactions between organisms 3. What are the main environmental problems?1. Resource Depletion Nonrenewable Resource - type of natural material that is formed at a much slower rate than it is depleted such as oil, coal, natural gases Renewable Resource – type of natural material that is replaced fairlyquickly like trees, fresh water, soil2. Pollution – undesirable change in air, water, or soil that adversely affects the health, survival, or activities of humans or other organisms3. Loss of Biodiversity – biodiversity is the number and variety of species that live in an area 4. What are the branches of study that are major contributors to the field of environmental science?Biology - the study of living thingsChemistry - the study of matter and the changes it goes throughEarth Science - the study of Earth's structure, properties, processesPhysics - the study of matter, motion, energy, and forceSocial Sciences - the study of social relationships and the functioning of society5. Because environmental science encompasses so many different fields of study, it is said to be an interdisciplinary science. 6. Hunter-Gathers live in tribes, obtained food by collecting plants and by hunting wild animals or scavenging for their remains, and using fires to maintain the prairie in the hunter-gatherer period.7. The Agricultural Revolution is the period in history where plants and animals were domesticated, and the human populations grew? 8. The Industrial Revolution is the period in history when there was a shift from animals and running water as energy sources to fossil fuels (such as coal and oil) and machines.9. Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period in human history?Industrial Revolution10. The Tragedy of the Commons describes the conflicts associated with shared resources. 11. Which branch of science is the study of living things and their interaction with their nonliving environment? Ecology 12. Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern? Humans depend on other organisms for food to eat and oxygen to breath.13. An ecological footprint is the amount of terrestrial land and aquaticocean area needed to support one person. 14. What are the characteristic of a Developed Country?Higher standard of livingDiverse income opportunitiesHigh personal wealth; higher household incomes Longer life span; people live a longer a longer amount of timeSlow population growth; people have fewer children and have them later in lifeHigh dependency on fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gases (examples of natural gases are butane and propane)Large ecological footprint. High levels of consumption; each person uses a high amount of Earth's natural resourcesDeveloping countries are responsible for the consumption crisis putting pressure on Earth's resources. 15. Compared with people in developed countries, people in developing countries typically have aLower standard of livingSimple agriculture based economyExtreme Poverty Shorter life span; people don't live as long as in developed countriesHigher population growth; families have more children than in developed countriesSmaller ecological footprint. Less dependence on fossil fuelsDeveloping countries are responsible for a population crisis putting stress on Earth's resources. 16. Achieving a sustainable world is a goal that will depend on:Responsible consumption by developed countries.Slower population growth by developing countries.Cooperation between governments, industry, and citizens.. 17. What are the systems of the Earth and what do the systems include? Geosphere – Solid parts of the Earth Atmosphere – Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth Hydrosphere – all water on or near Earth’s surface Biosphere – narrow layer around Earth’s surface in which life can exist The Biosphere is made up of the upper part of the geosphere, the lower part of the atmosphere, and all the water on or near Earth's surface. 18. What are the compositional layers of Earth? Crust – thin outer layer Mantle – middle layer makes 64% of Earth’s mass Core – inner most, densest layer Layers of the Earth Label the Layers of the Earth using the following terms:Physical Layers: Asthenosphere, Inner Core, Lithosphere, Mesosphere, Outer CoreCompositional Layers: Core, Crust, Mantle Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core 19. What are the physical layers of Earth? Lithosphere – outer most layer made of crust and upper part of the mantle, divided up into tectonic plates Asthenosphere – plastic layer underneath lithosphere Mesosphere – middle layer between asthenosphere and outer core Outer Core – liquid outer shell of Earth’s core; liquid due to extreme heat Inner Core – solid center of Earth; solid due to extreme pressure 20. The lithosphere is divided up into giant pieces of land called the tectonic plate ; most earthquakes take place at the tectonic plate boundaries. 21. What are the layers of Earth’s atmosphere?Troposphere – closest to Earth and densest, almost all weather occurs in this layerStratosphere – layer between the troposphere and mesosphere, contains the ozone layerMesosphere – layer between the stratosphere and thermosphere, coldest layerThermosphere – layer farthest from Earth, hottest layer but does not feel hot because heat is not transferred Layers of the Atmosphere Label the layers of the atmosphere by clicking on the dots and typing in the following words:- Mesosphere- Stratosphere- Thermosphere- Troposphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere 22. What is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere? Nitrogen23. What is the chemical formula for ozone found in the stratosphere? Ozone Chemical Formula = O₃, which is three atoms of oxygen bonded together24. What does the ozone layer absorb? Ultraviolet Radiation 25. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including water vapor (H₂O), methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), trap radiated heat and help maintain surface air temperature. 26. Ocean water, has more salt that fresh water. Ocean water is usually 3.5 % salt by mass or higher. Fresh water is usually less than 1 % salt by mass.27. Most of the fresh water on Earth located in frozen on land in ice sheet, glaciers, and ice caps such as the Antarctic, or frozen on top of oceans ice shelfs such as the Arctic. 28. An aquifer is an area were groundwater (freshwater water under Earth’s surface) is stored. The area above an aquifer where water is collected and then slowly percolates through earth to recharge an aquifer is called the recharge zone. The water table is the boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater is stored in the aquifer. Aquifer Label the components and processes of an aquifer by clicking on the dots and using the following words:- Aquifer- Percolating Water- Recharge Zone- Water Table Water Table Recharge Zone Percolating Water Aquifer 29. The Water Cycle The water on our Earth today is the same water that’s been here for nearly 5 billion years. The water is constantly being recycled through the environment in the water cycle.Steps of the Water Cycle:1. Approximately 71 % of Earth is covered in water. When the sun shines of water, it evaporates changing from a liquid to a gas and moves upward in the atmosphere. Water is also added to the atmosphere by transpiration which is when plants release water through pores on the underneath part of their leaves called stomata. 2. As the water vapor rises, it collects and is stored in clouds. As water cools in the clouds, condensation occurs changing from the gas back into a liquid.3. When the clouds become too heavy to stay suspended in the cloud, they fall to Earth as precipitation as rain, snow, hail, and sleet.4. When precipitation lands on land, the water can either be collected in a recharge zone and slowly percolate through soil to recharge underground water reserves called aquifer, or runoff land into bodies of water such as streams, ponds, rivers, lakes, and oceans.