Macronutritents

Learn about carbs, fats, and proteins! Our macronutrients worksheet explains their roles and sources.

Directions: As we go through the 2.01 Nutrients presentation, you will follow along on these notes. There will some activities you are prompted to complete on your own during the presentation. Carbohydrates Two types of carbohydrates: Match the type of carb with the correct description. Complex longer, more stable source of energy Simple sugary, short, quick energy How many calories are there per gram of carbohydrate? 2 4 6 8 Functions of Carbohydrates The main function of carbohydrates is to furnish the body with energy.Dietary Fiber: is a plant fiber and form of complex carbohydrate , but our bodies cannot digest it - which means it does not provide our body with energy. Food Sources of Carbohydrates Match the food source to a "good" or "bad" source of carbs. Good Sources whole grains legumes fresh fruits vegetables Bad Sources soda candy desserts sweet tea One risk of having too little carbohydrates in your body is that your will begin to use which other nutrient as a main source of energy. Fats Vitamins Proteins Minerals Why is Fiber Important? We know that fiber is part of a complex carbohydrate, our bodies just cannot digest it. So how does that help us?Certain types of fiber stimulates the action of muscles in the digestive tract and helps speed food through the body.Fiber binds to a compound made by cholesterol and carries it out of the body.This helps lower blood cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of heart disease.Fiber also helps to dilute carcinogens, which are cancer-causing agents) in food, believed to reduce the risk of cancer. Two Types of Fiber Below, list the characteristics of each type of fiber in the correct section. Insoluble "keeps things moving" softens stools expands when eaten reduces risks for colon or rectal cancer Soluble doesn't absorb water dissolves in it forming gummy or gel helps control blood glucose levels helps fight heart disease and treat diabetes Two Types of Protein Match the type of protein with the correct descriptor. Complete have all 9 essential amino acids Incomplete are missing one of more of the essential amino acids How many calories are there per gram of protein? 2 4 6 8 What Are Amino Acids? Proteins are chemical compounds that are found in every body cell.They are made up of tiny “building blocks” called amino acids.There are 20 amino acids that are important the human body.Nine of these are referred to as “essential” or “indispensable” amino acids.The body cannot make these fast enough on its own and must come from food sources to meet the body’s needs.Eleven of these are referred to as “nonessential” amino acids.The body can make these fast enough on its own to meet its needs. Functions of Proteins The body needs amino acids from proteins for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues.Proteins aid in the formation of enzymes and antibodies.Enzymes are: complex proteins that cause specific chemical reactions in the body.Antibodies are: a specific type of protein that helps fight infections.Proteins also provide energy (but are not meant to be your main source of energy) and regulate bodily processes like fluid balance in cells. Food Sources of Protein Fill in this table with the 8 examples given in the powerpoint. Types of Fatty Acids Match the following type of fatty acid with the correct description. Polyunsaturated are missing two of more hydrogen atoms Monounsaturated are missing one hydrogen atom Saturated has as many hydrogen atoms as they can hold How many calories are there per gram of fat? 3 6 9 12 Food Sources of Fats Match the food source to the correct type of fat. Saturated Fats butter lard coconut oil palm oil meat poultry Unsaturated Fats plant oils nuts avocados fish peanut oil canola oil Functions of Fats Serve as a source of energy, help the body absorb certain vitamins, carry flavor substances that make food taste good and help you feel full after eating.The body needs certain fatty acids in order to make things like hormones.Our bodies store energy in fatty tissues which serve as energy reserves and also protect our internal organs from injury, help regulate body temperature. What are trans fats? fats that are partially hydrogenated fats that are missing one hydrogen atom fats that have as many hydrogen atoms as they can hold fats that are missing two or more hydrogen atoms Cholesterol A fatlike substance found in every cell in the body.Helps transport fatty acids in the body, part of skin tissue, needed to produce hormones, which control certain body functionsMost commonly you hear of blood cholesterol which circulates through the bloodstream.Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) = BAD CHOLESTEROLbuilds plaque on artery walls, risk for heart diseaseHigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) = GOOD CHOLESTEROLremoves LDL from artery walls, sign of good heart health Good vs. Bad Cholesterol Match the following correctly. LDL Bad cholesterol HDL Good cholestrol