History & Governments of Africa South of the Sahara (Chapter 20)

Chapter 20 History Governments (Section 1)Listen to the voice recording and think about the characteristics and movement of peoples impact on the physical and human systems. Early African HistoryRead text and use it to fill in the missing details in the chain of events chart. Early Africans lived as hunter-gatherers. Hunter-gatherers are people who move from place to place to hunt animals and gather plants for food. In time, Africans learned to farm and raise animals. By 6500 B.C. people in West Africa's northern grasslands were growing grains and herding livestock. Those living farther south, along rivers, were raising yams and other root vegetables. As northern Africa's climate became drier and hotter, many people began migrating southward to more fertile areas.Around 3000 B.C. , groups known as the Bantu left the area that is now Nigeria and Cameroon. They moved into the rain forests along the Congo River near the Equator. From there, they farmed out over much of central, eastern, and southern Africa. Wherever they went, the Bantu spread their culture and their knowledge of farming and ironworking. They also spread their language. As a result, millions of Africans south of the Sahara today speak hundreds of Bantu languages. Show the correct sequence of events based on the text reading. Africans live as hunter-gatherers. Africans learn to farm and raise animals. By 6,500 B.C., people are growing grains, yams, vegetables and herding livestock. Northern Africa's climate becomes drier and hotter. People begin migrating to southward to more fertile areas. Use section 1 pages 549-550 to fill in the blanks. This is similar to a guided reading that you have completed before. Around 3,000 B.C., a migration that lasted several thousand years began. The migrants, a people known as the Bantu, shared a common language, culture, and technology. Today, millions of Africans south of the Sahara speak Bantu languages.Around 800 B.C., Kush developed along the Nile River in present day Sudan. The Kush grew wealthy from trade and ironworking. The Kush was defeated by their neighbors, Axum. In the A.D. 300's, King Ezana accepted Christianity and it the official religion of Axum. A blend of Arab and African ways lead to the rise of the Swahili culture. During the 1400's, another great empire arose inland in southeastern Africa. The Great Zimbabwe supplied gold, silver, and ivory to the East African coast.Three trading empires emerged in West Africa. Ghana, the earliest empire controlled trade between the Sahara and the West African rain forests. Mali, which replaced Ghana grew wealthy from farming and from control of the gold and salt trade. Their famous ruler was Mansa Musa . Lastly, the kingdom of Songhai took over Mali and was defeated about 1600 which ended their empire. African Kingdoms (5 minutes) Watch 5 minute video and find out why Timbuktu was important to early Africa. Portuguese trade with West African Empires MAP Use what you have learned and your textbook pages 549-552 to complete the map below. Click on a blue dot to type your response. Spelling and punctuation matters. Niger River Ghana gold metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods Sahara Desert Atlantic Mali Songhai Look at the map.The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were located on the western region of continent number- 1 2 3 4 What kingdoms controlled West African trade one after another from 300 – 1600 A.D.? Portugal and Spain England and the United States Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Old World Which country sent explorers along the routes on this map? France England Spain Portugal Who would most likely have made this statement about trade between Europe and Africa? African king Portuguese businessman English explorer Kwakiutl chief European Contact (pages 551-552) Match the correct pairs using your textbook pages 551-552 Slave trade increased when Europeans began shipping Africans to the Americas. Between 1500 - 1800's nearly 12 million Africans were sent to the Americas. For Africans, the slave trade brought great suffering such as torn from their homes and families. By the 1800's many Europeans had decided slavery & the slave trade should be stopped! Business leaders wanted Africa's gold, timber, hides, and palm oil. Military leaders wanted to protect the coastal areas their countries already controlled. Missionaries wanted to convert Africans to Christianity. Britain, France, & Germany set out to claim Africa south of the Sahara. European countries wanted economic profit & political advantage. European armies with their weapons ripped apart regions & threw different ethnic groups together. Europeans built railroads, roads, & introduced new feeds & fertilizers. Goal of Europeans was to export raw materials to help their own economies. Africa was largely undeveloped with few industries because of Europeans exporting their raw materials. Africans had few rights & economic opportunities . Africans forced to work in harsh conditions in mines or large farms called plantations.