The Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation Notes The rise of Christian Humanism, an interpretation of Christianity inspired by Renaissance ideals, led to a new questioning of the Catholic Church.The Reformation - Protestant break from the Catholic Church is another example of the impact of cultural diffusion on history.The Reformation was an attempt to REFORM and get rid of corruption and restore the people's faith in the church. Causes of the Renaissance The Renaissance Humanism and the emphasis on individual thinking caused people to question the church. Strong Monarchs (Kings and Queens) Kings and Queens gained more power because they were supporting people who wanted to reform (change) the church. Papal Schism - 3 Popes! Period of time where Kings and Queens were in conflict with the Popes. The people of Europe couldn't decide who was ruling the church and at one point there were 3 Popes! The Black Death People dying from the Plague all over Europe caused people to doubt God and the power of the church. Advances in Science New changes, inventions, and discoveries led people to speak out against what the church has taught people for years. Corruption in the Catholic Church People began to see that church leaders were more worried about power and wealth. Indulgences, 95 Theses, Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII In your own words describe what an indulgence is. The Life of Martin Luther (but don't confuse him with the "King") Sudden (religious experience) causing Martin Luther to seek becoming a monk In walking home one night in a storm he had a close strike with a lightning bolt Luther was troubled over this..... The possibility of not going to Heaven Bible verse Luther said realized that not only good deeds could save a person, they must believe. Romans 1:17 - "The righteous (just) shall live by his faith." People can now read and understand the Bible themselves thanks to translation in the common language. Vernacular List of complaints (Pope's power and wealth and indulgences) posted on door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517. 95 Theses Allowed for the quick spread of Luther's ideas across Germany and eventually Europe. The Printing Press Pope Leo X at the Diet of Worms did this to Luther Excommunicated (kicked him out of the Church) John Calvin and his Calvinist followers believed in predestination. What does this mean? That the church should allow people to buy their way into Heaven. That everyone is going to Heaven as long as they are good people. That God decides before you are born whether or not you are going to Heaven. That the Catholic Church and the Pope decide who is able to achieve salvation. Martin Luther Lutheranism - Germany John Calvin Calvinists - France John Knox Presbyterians - Scotland King Henry VIII Anglican Church - England King Henry VIII of England was at the beginning, a devout Catholic. He really wanted a male (boy) heir and was convinced that his wife, Catherine of Aragon was going to have no more children. He wants a divorce, but the problem is, the Catholic Church does not allow for it.He asks the Pope, but the Pope says no.Henry asks Parliament (governing body of England) to end the Pope's power in England and legalize his divorce, which they do. The Act of Supremacy also makes Henry the head of the new Church of England (Anglican Church).Henry VIII marries again and she also produces no male heir for him. He has this second wife, Anne Boleyn executed. His third wife and exception to producing no boy babies was Jane Seymour, his 3rd wife who dies during childbirthof a son, Edward, who Henry raises. Henry continues to marry and his next 3 wives (total of 6) also have no male children and they are all either divorced or executed.Henry now has 3 children, Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth. Edward VI takes the throne after his father dies and keeps the Church of England in power, but he diesat the age of 16. His daughter Mary I then takes the throne and changes the main church back to Catholicism. After Mary I dies, one of Henry's favorite daughters Elizabeth I takes over and changes the country back to the Anglican Church. Religious unity ends in Europe Christianity splits in Europe into three sects (Catholic, Protestant, Anglican) AntiSemitism increases Anti Jewish feelings across Europe Decrease in power of Catholic Church The Pope loses political power over Europe Rising sense of national identity People are proud of where they are from (nationalism) Monarchs increase their power Kings and Queens in Europe become leaders and more powerful than the Pope in making government decisions Enlightenment Period of time where thinking changed, people became more concerned with sovereignty of governments and reason.