Reading & use of English

PART 1For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A,B,C or D) best fits each gap. Write the correct letter in the box that appears in the gap.There is an example at the beginning (0). C D B D A C B C PART 2For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS. The breath of lifeAnyone who has (0) EVER been to a yoga or meditation class will know the enormous benefits of something as simple and natural as breathing. Inhale slowly and steadily, and you can relax your entire body. Stop and focus on the flow of (9) EACH breath you take in and out, and you can quieten and focus your mind. In (10) FACT , positive breathing will help you feel calmer, bring down your blood pressure and increase your mental alertness and energy levels. Yet, breathing is so instinctive that most of the time we're hardly even aware of it. Of course, that's (11) PRECISELY why it's easy to develop bad habits and why many of us don't do it as well as we (12) COULD . But with a little practice, (13) GETTING it right can bring instant health benefits. These include feeling more relaxed and being more mentally alert. You may also find that there's an improvement in (14) SOME physical symptoms, such as bloating and stomach pains, dizziness, headaches, pins and needles and low energy. Learning to breathe correctly can dramatically improve your wellbeing and quality of life. Most people think that poor breathing means that you don't get enough oxygen, but it's (15) ACTUALLY the carbon dioxide you're missing out ( 16) ON . PART 3For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS. The cooling oceansThe upper layers of Earth's oceans have cooled (0) SIGNIFICANTLY(SIGNIFY) over the past two years, even though the planet as a whole is warming up. While this may just be part of the natural (17) VARIATION (VARY) of oceans, climatologists are still confounded by the massive unaccountable loss of heat. Scientists have been (18) INCREASINGLY (INCREASE) concerned by rising sea temperatures over the last 50 years but these new (19) FINDINGS (FIND) tell a different story. Generally speaking, the (20) ABSORPTION (ABSORB) of heat by the oceans reduces atmospheric warming. Now (21) MEASUREMENTS (MEASURE) taken by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have put a wrinkle in the trend. The researchers used data from 3000 floating buoys which monitor the oceans (22) WORLDWIDE (WORLD). They found that the oceans dropped in temperature by an (23) UNBELIEVABLE (BELIEVE) 0.02 degrees centigrade between 2011 and 2013. Now, that may not seem like much, but trying to account for the missing energy is proving to be enormously (24) PROBLEMATIC (PROBLEM). It is possible that volcanic eruptions are one main cause of the phenomenon, but no firm answers have yet been provided. PART 4For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.Write the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.Here is an example (0).0 George should have worked harder if he wanted to pass the exam. SUCCEEDEDHad George worked harder, HE WOULD HAVE SUCCEEDED IN passing the exam. 25 Paul tends to play his music loudly when he's not feeling very happy. HABITPaul is IN THE HABIT OF PLAYING his music loudly when he is not feeling very happy.26 They could easily win the game. CHANCEThey HAVE EVERY / A GOOD CHANCE OF WINNING the game.27 Of course I did not agree to lend them the money. SAYINGIt GOES WITHOUT SAYING THAT I DID not agree to lend them the money.28 Did anything about his behaviour seem unusual to you? STRIKEDid anything about his behaviour STRIKE YOU AS (BEING) unusual?29 I can barely cook a meal for myself, so I certainly couldn't cook for eight people. ALONEI would struggle TO COOK FOR MYSELF, LET ALONE for eight people.30 The reporter said that the blast was so forceful that the car was blown right across the street. SUCHAccording to the reporter, SUCH WAS THE FORCE OF the blast, that the car was blown right across the street. PART 5You are going to read a magazine article about identity theft. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your choices in the boxes that appear next to the questions.Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. IDENTITY FRAUD - THE NEW HOT CRIME D C B A D B PART 6You are going to read four reviews of an art exhibition . For questions 37-40, choose from reviews A-D. The reviews may be chosen more than once. Write your choices in the boxes that appear next to the questions below.Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Matisse Retrospective Four critics comment on an exhibition of the artist Henri Matisse B A D C PART 7Read the text and complete the two tasks. Pope drops defenses, raising concerns Pope Francis’ push to bring the papacy to the streets was raising challenges for the Vatican officials and local police, who were (0)_ as he shedsecurity measures used by his predecessors. Such concerns soared this week as the pope arrived in Brazil and quickly found himself immersed in scenes of chaos. Protesters clashed with the police outside his meeting with President Dilma Rousseff. The commotionexposed a central challenge for history’s first Latin American pontiff. Pope Francis wants to reground the Roman Catholic Church in grass-roots ministry and discard the privilege and regalia that have long surrounded the highest ranks of the church. As an archbishop in Buenos Aires, he regularly visited crime-ridden slums, (75)_. But as the new leader of 1.2 billion Catholics, the Argentine is now one of the highest-profile figures in the world and a potentialtarget for extremists. Upon arriving in Rio de Janeiro on Monday evening, July 22, 2013, the pope dropped two protocols that have long served to guardpontiffs against unpredictablecrowds. Alternating between a Fiat and an open-sided sport-utility vehicle, Pope Francis dispensed with the bulletproof popemobile adopted by Pope John Paul II after a gunman shot him amid a crowd of faithful in St. Peter’s Square in the 1980s. The pope also made a last-minute deviationfrom the official and secured route that had been mapped out for his motorcade weeks in advance. He had been expected to go directlyafter landing to a government building to meet Ms. Rousseff. Instead, the pope (76)_. The pope’s driver made a wrong turn, Vatican officials said, (77)_, overwhelming the Vatican security forces. The faithful pressed up against the vehicle and began reaching through an open window to touch the pope. Even John Paul II, a pope renowned for his spontaneitywith crowds, deferred to his entourage when it came to his safety, said Franca Giansoldati, a Vatican watcher who accompanied the Polish pontiff and his two successors on trips abroad. Ms. Rousseff’s government considers Pope Francis’ arrival a dress rehearsal as Rio prepares for even bigger events such as the World Cup and the Olympics. Rio itself presents a logistical nightmare for massive events. The city is surrounded by the sea on one side and mountains on the other. Tunnels and overpasses, which (78)_, are easily blocked by protesters or choked by the police during crackdowns. “One of the risks of Rio is that the points of access (79)_— it makes it massively vulnerable in times like these,” said Christopher Gaffney, an urbanism professor at Fluminense Federal University. Monday’s events started as a group of anti-government and gay activists demonstrated outside of the pope’s closed-door meeting, and ended in chaos, with the police throwing and firing tear gas into the crowds who (80)_. As there was no escape route, the pope was forced to travel by helicopter to his lodgings in a calmer neighborhood. 1. Some phrases have been removed from the text. Write the numbers of the gaps (75–80) in the boxes that appear next to the phrases. There are two extra phrases that you do not need to use. Therefore some boxes will be left empty.An example (0) has been done for you.struggling to guarantee the pontiff’s safety (0) 78 79 80 76 77 75 2. Some of the words in the text are written in bold (also underlined). Write a word in the box in front of its definition (81–86). In the text, there are two extra words in bold that you do not need to use.Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS.An example (0) has been done for you. DEVIATION DIRECTLY COMMOTION SHED POTENTIAL GUARD PART 8Read the experiences of four different people (A–D) and the questions on the next page (55–64). Then decide which question is about which person and write the letter (A–D) after the question in the box that appears. The letters can be chosen more than once.Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS.An example (0) has been done for you. Lonely Planet’s greatest travel experiences: 40 years of worldwide wanderingTo celebrate guidebook publisher Lonely Planet’s 40th anniversary, writers and contributors recall their most memorable travel moments.A Alex von Tunzelmann, writerThe guide did a double-take and looked at me more closely. “Von Tunzelmann? Shoot! I reckon everyone around here knows that name.” No one with a name as weird and obscure as mine expects to hear that. Not least 12,000 miles from home, looking up at the snow-dusted peak of Aoraki Mount Cook in New Zealand’s South Island. We were seeking out locations from The Lord of the Ringsmovies for a Tolkien-themed story. The fame was not mine. From 1962 to 1966, my dad, Nick Tunzelmann, volunteered for mountain rescue here. It was an eventful job. On one mission, he was buried in an avalanche. His last thought before he blacked out was: “Damn, I haven’t finished my Master’s thesis.” Luckily for the thesis — and, ultimately, for me — he was dug out alive. The story made the national news. Such fame might usually last for 15 minutes, but in the mountains things move at a glacial pace.B Tony Wheeler, co-founderRangiroa is one of the biggest atolls in the Pacific, with only two narrow “passes” for water to stream in and out of the lagoon when the tide changes. Sharks — those clever creatures — have learnt to hang around the pass entrance for the outgoing tide, when fish from the lagoon are swept straight into their mouths. Working on Lonely Planet’s Diving in Tahiti French Polynesia guidebook, I joined a scuba dive at Tiputa Pass. The boat dropped me off and I descended straight through the shark line-up. It was rush hour. Reef sharks, as scuba divers soon realise, are not interested in divers — they prefer something more bite-sized. I met up with sharks on 13 consecutive dives — it was the absolute experience of a lifetime.C Tom Hall, editorThe idea of riding a bicycle from one end of Africa to the other is the sort of lunatic notion that appeals to Lonely Planet writers. So, when the chance came to ride a section of the famous Tour d’Afrique cycle expedition from Cairo to Cape Town, I jumped at it. My stretch took me from Victoria Falls — where I became the proud possessor of a wad of 100 trillion Zimbabwean dollar bills — across Zambia and Botswana to Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. This stretch of the route was not dubbed “Elephant Highway” for nothing, and in the 10 days I spent on it I encountered enough wildlife to last me a lifetime. Jumbos criss-crossed our path, sometimes looming at us from the roadside. And at night, the roaring of lions kept me awake and large lizards clung to my tent. I would go again in a heartbeat.D Elizabeth Day, writerWhen I went to Ibiza, I had the stereotypical fear that it would be filled with foam parties and glow-sticks. Instead, what I discovered in the north were beautiful white-washed villages and near-deserted sweeps of cliff-enclosed beach. My favourite memory was finding a lively restaurant called Can Cires. When I arrived, the walls were being given a fresh coat of paint for the weekend’s fiesta, where the villagers would sing and dance and roast a pig on a spit. The husband-and-wife owners were extraordinarily welcoming and insisted on giving us a tasting menu. We started with their speciality, crostas con tomate— crunchy, twice-baked bread croutons served with fresh tomato and olive oil and we then had course after course of incredible food. It was one of those truly memorable evenings: balmy outdoor eating, easy hospitality, fantastic food and that hint of the surreal. C B A D C D B D B A Submit your work. When you have reached the end of the test, you are asked first to hand in your work.A window opens at the bottom asking you to confirm hand in work.Once you click confirm hand in work, a green message will appear at the top of the worksheet: Assignment completed!