Gateway C1 Unit 4

1 Complete the text with the correct answer, A, B, C or D.Citizens in Space is an American project (1) …………… ordinary people and experiments into space. Run by the United States Rocket Academy (USRA), the project has already got a contract for ten space flights with the company XCOR Aerospace. The USRA (2) …………… space available on these flights to citizen scientists. They (3) …………… to offer professional researchers the chance to fly. In both cases, the passengers will conduct experiments during the flight. So far, the experiments that (4) …………… cover areas from life sciences to technology demonstrations. The organisers hope that in five or ten years’ time hundreds of citizens (5) …………… the chance to build an experiment and fly in space. 1) on the verge of launching about launching to be launching will be launching 2) make will be making will have been making will have made 3) will also plan are also going to plan are also planning will also be planning 4) are going to be done are going to be doing will be doing will have been doing 5) will be having will have are having will have been having 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs given. Hello everyone. Today I’m here to tell you about a citizen science project that I’m working on called Shakespeare’s World. The idea is to get people to transcribe manuscripts from Shakespeare’s lifetime. The organisers think it will increase their knowledge of the period. In the end any new words that are found (1) will be added (add) to the Oxford English Dictionary. I don’t know if it (2) is likely to have (likely, have) a big impact on historians’ knowledge of the period, but you never know. Some previously undiscovered information could come to light. I’ve only just started, but I’m sure I (3) 'm going to learn (learn) a lot about this period in history. It’s a bit ironic really because I’m a scientist. I never knew I (4) would become (become) a historian in my free time! Now, I (5) 'm due to complete (due, complete) two manuscripts today so I’d better get started. 3 Complete the text. Write one word in each gap. These days more and more people are studying university degrees and the job market is becoming even more competitive. How are you (1) going to get ahead in the job market? One way is to keep an eye on the global labour market, which is changing constantly. Firstly, the increase in industrial mechanisation (2) is likely to have a large impact on the labour market as machines take over from factory workers. Secondly, new jobs are being invented all the time. This means that workers will (3) have to reinvent themselves for the new labour market. Smart-home fixer is a new job which (4) will probably appear soon as more people live in smart homes and seek home improvements or upgrades. Virtual reality experience designer is another new job title which could soon become commonplace as more people look for virtual reality entertainment. Another point to consider is that people who will (5) have been planning their retirement for years, may find that the retirement age is raised or they simply want to continue working. This will make the labour market even more competitive in some industries. 4 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the text. It has come to my attention that two scientists have voiced some doubt (have voiced some doubt doubted) about the results of our last experiment. They have stated that they have ample (ample evidence that some of the samples that were tested had been contaminated. Naturally this calls into question (calls onto question into question) our findings. While I give my wholehearted support to our dedicated team of scientists, I do not want this series of experiments to be challenged. As a result, in accordance with the prevailing (wholehearted view of the committee, I would ask that the final experiment is repeated using new samples. Then the team will be able to prove beyond doubt (prove beyond doubt a question about) their new findings in this field. 5 Complete the text with the correct form of the words given. You may need to add a prefix and a suffix. WALL-E is an animated film about a hard-working robot, aimed at children. It is very entertaining, but it also has a strong (1) environmental (environment) message to get across. At the start of the film we see Planet Earth, which is almost (2) unrecognisable (recognise) as most signs of civilisation are in ruins and almost every surface is covered in mountains of rubbish. Humans no longer live on Earth; they are in orbit until robots on (3) scientific (science) missions find life on the planet. The humans themselves look unfamiliar as they are so obese from lack of exercise and many years in space. They appear to be (4) ignorant (ignore) of everything that is going on around them as they just focus on virtual reality screens. While WALL-E and his fellow robots provide an (5) eventful (event) story of friendship and love, the overriding message is: look after your planet. 6 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. You should use between two and six words, including the word(s) given. 1 The motion was passed by a majority of ten when the prime minister finally declared herself in favour of the bill.SUPPORT OF The prime minister finally came out in support of the bill and the motion was passed with a majority of ten votes.2 The principal supported the students’ call for increased access to online resources.WHOLEHEARTED The principal gave his wholehearted support to the students on the subject of increased access to online resources.3 The evidence of five independent witnesses was enough to convict the suspect.EVIDENCE OF The suspect was convicted on the evidence of five independent witnesses.4 Does anyone have a question for the committee?POSE Would anyone like to pose a question to the committee?5 Many people believe that a lot of screen time results in children finding it hard to concentrate for long periods.ATTENTION The prevailing view is that too much screen time can cause children to have a short attention span. 7 Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. Track a Tree is a Citizen Science project in the UK, which has been designed to collect up-to-date information on trees and flowers in wooded areas in order to learn more about their life cycles. The idea is that (PARTICIPATE) participants follow particular trees that have been (RANDOM) randomly selected for the study. Every week people record what they see happening to the tree and the ground below the tree. The information on the trees gives scientists an idea of how much (FLEXIBLE) flexibility each tree has, i.e. whether it can adjust to seasonal changes over the years. By recording information on the plant life below the tree, scientists can see if there is any (INTERACT) interaction between species. This project is in (OPERATE) operation across the UK, thereby giving scientists an idea of how seasonal timings alter across the country. If you are interested in taking part in this project, then you can register online. Think about it; this is your chance to join a national (SCIENCE) scientific experiment and do some fieldwork. 8 🎧 Listen to a radio show about jobs in the future. Choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.1 James says that it's useful to ... consider what new jobs may arise in the future. think about which occupations might expand in the future. evaluate the way jobs are changing at the moment. consider which jobs have disappeared. 2 The speakers agree that driverless cars ... will become very common just as mechanisation has taken over the manufacturing industry. will be used to deliver goods, but delivery people will still be required as well. will replace delivery people in the near future. won’t become a reality and are just a futuristic ideal. 3 James believes that freelance teachers will ... be highly sought after due to the world’s ageing population. be in great demand because more people will want to study higher education. grow in numbers as more part-time and online courses are taken. be in high demand as workers are required to study by their employers. 4 According to James, freelance tribers are ... managers with a fixed team who are hired for particular jobs. currently used in the entertainment industry. in-house managers who put together a group of specialists. widely used in a variety of industries. 5 James says that freelance tribers ... should be creative people who are good at maintaining relationships. can come from any background and need to be up-to-date with the latest technology. should be creative thinkers with contacts in one or two different industries. need to use social media constantly. 6 James says that urban farming ... is about using small spaces to produce organic crops. maximises the potential of small green areas. is on the rise as traditional farming becomes more unpopular. uses traditional farming techniques to produce profitable produce. 9 🎧 Listen again and complete the summary. Write one or two words in each gap. Jobs are evolving quickly at the moment and it’s important to reflect on which (1) professions will need more workers in the future. Nurses, doctors and carers will be in great (2) demand because people are living longer and the world’s population is getting older. The number of freelance teachers is on the rise due to the increased demand for part-time and online courses which (3) fitaround people’s jobs. Freelance tribers are managers who can hire a specialist team to do a (4) specific job. They are creative people who (5) maintain relationships with a great number of people from different working backgrounds in order to have the contacts they need. Social media is essential to them. Urban farmers are another new breed of professional who will become essential to the economy as the amount of green spaces decline. They will have to cultivate (6) high value, quick-growing crops to be profitable.