The dangers of mixing drugs

Watch the video and be ready to complete tasks on it Watch the video and sort given words / phrases into the given groups Blood thinners + aspirin prevent blood clots from forming possibly cause internal bleeding Cocaine + heroin behavioral effects increased heart rate reduce the body’s oxygen supply cause respiratory failure and death Grapefruit juice + cholesterol-lowering drugs less of enzyme available to break down statins potentially causing kidney failure Alcohol + Acetaminophen heavy drinking can alter enzyme activity Study the KEYWORDS on a separate paper and choose the word that corresponds to the given definition'Make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.' facilitate bind exacerbate strain Study the KEYWORDS on a separate paper and choose the word that corresponds to the given definition'Change in character or composition, typically in a comparatively small but significant way' alter fail dizzy thin Rearrange the letters in a given phrase and fill in the gap (type) Foods, herbal supplement, legal drugs, and illicit substances can all cause drug interactions. Rearrange the letters in a given phrase and fill in the gap (type) The cases when one substance exacerbates the effect of another can also take place between drugs that are independently harmful. Fill in the gaps with (type) the words from the box below An inadvertently created drug interaction could, in extreme cases, lead to kidney failure, liver damage, or internal bleeding.Drug interactions happen when the combination of a drug with another substance causes different effects than either would individually. Foods, herbal supplements, legal drugs, and illicit substances can all cause drug interactions. Most drug interactions fall into two categories. Some take place when two substances’ effects influence each other directly. In other cases, one substance effects how the body processes another, like how it is absorbed, metabolized, or transported around the body. Watch / listen to the video fragment (1.11 – 1.40) and fill in the gaps with (type) the words you hear Blood thinners and aspirin, for example, have similar effects that become dangerous when combined. Both prevent blood clotsfrom forming— blood thinners by preventing the formation of the clotting factors that hold clots together, and aspirin by preventing blood cells from clumping into groups that become clots. Individually, these effects are usually safe but taken together they can prevent blood clotting to a dangerous extent, possibly causing internal bleeding. Fill in the gaps by clicking on a gap and choosing a word / phrase While blood thinners and aspirin are generally harmless when taken individually, interactions, where one substance exacerbates the effects of another,can also take place between drugs that are independently harmful.Cocaine and heroin are each dangerous, and those dangers compound when the two drugs are combined— even though their behavioral effects may feel like they cancel each other out. Cocaine is a stimulant, and many of its effects, like increased heart rate, cause the body to need more oxygen. But heroin, a depressant, slows breathing— reducing the body’s oxygen supply just when it needs more. This combination strains the organs and can cause respiratory failure and death. Watch / listen to the video fragment (2.24 – 3.19) and fill in the gaps with (type) the words you hear The interaction between grapefruit juice and certain medications in class of cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins, has to do with drug metabolism. The liver produces enzymes, molecules that facilitate the breakdown of substances that enter the body. Enzymes can both activate drugs, by breaking them down into their therapeutic ingredients from more complex molecules, and deactivate them, by breaking harmful compounds down into harmless metabolites. There are many, many different enzymes, each of which has a binding site that fits a specific molecule. Grapefruit binds to the same enzyme as statins, making less of that enzyme available to break down statins. So combining the two means that a greater concentration of the drug stays in the bloodstream for a longer period of time, potentially causing kidney failure. Watch / listen to the video fragment (3.19 – 3.49) and choose the appropriate ending of the given sentence'Alcohol can also alter the function of the enzyme that breaks down Acetaminophen, _' some of it is converted into a toxic substance. the active ingredient in pain relievers like Tylenol and paracetamol. there isn’t usually enough of this toxic byproduct to cause harm. Watch / listen to the video fragment (3.19 – 3.49) and choose the appropriate ending of the given sentence'At the recommended dose, _' there isn’t usually enough of this toxic byproduct to cause harm. potentially causing liver damage even with what’s usually a safe dose of Acetominophen. when someone takes Acetaminophen. Fill in the gaps by clicking on a gap and choosing the appropriate option Meanwhile, the herbal remedy Saint John’s Wort increases the liver’s production of a particular enzyme. That means the drugs this enzyme is responsible for breaking down get metabolized faster— sometimes too fast before they can have their therapeutic effects. In spite of the dizzying number of possible interactions, most of the dangerous interactions with commonly used drugs are well known. Fill in the gaps with (type) the words from the box below And new developments in science are helping us keep better track of drug interactions than ever. Some researchers are developing AI programs that can predict the side effects of drug interactions before they occur, using information about the landscape of protein interactions within your body. For the new drugs that are being developed all the time, supercomputers are being used to find potential interactions while those drugs are still in development.