EVAU EXAM 3rd TERM

THE SCIENCE OF PLAY(Taken form the book “The yes brain” of the authors Daniel J Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson)It is really not an exaggeration to say that free play is becoming an endangered activity for many of today´s children. At home, play time is crowded out by structured activities, lessons and practices. At school, academics start earlier and earlier, with more teaching (requiring more sitting) focused on increasing the child´s ability to demonstrate mastery and perform well in the standardized tests leaving less and less time for children to build towers, to play tag, and engage in pretend play. Plus, other contemporary social forces encroach on what was previously play´s domain, as media, electronics, and the like assert their dominance in the lives and in the minds of the kids.None of these competing forces are inherently bad. But a real problem emerges when they more and more come to replace play, which is actually essential for optimal development in both humans and other mammals. Did you know that even if higher parts of a rat´s brain, the upstairs cortex, are not functioning well, the rat will experience limitations to its cognitive abilities such as memory and learning, but it will continue to play? This finding by the neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp strongly suggests that the need for and drive to play are deep-seated , and that they involve the lower structures of the brain as do other instinctive urges for survival and connection. Another study by Stuart Brown that focused on murderers on death row, found two commonalities in the various murderers’ childhoods: they were abused in some way and they were deprived of play as children.Studies like this point out the importance not of dedicating childhood exclusively to hours of piano lessons, chemistry camp, and after-school academic programs, but instead of recognizing the fundamental need for kids to be allowed to just play 1. TRUE OR FALSE: Decide if the following statement is TRUE or FALSE and write the evidence in a full sentence and with proper punctuation signs.a. Play is not essential in humans or mammals development FALSE. "But a real problem emerges when they more and more come to replace play, which is actually essential for optimal development in both humans and other mammals" b. The drive to play and survival skills depend on the upstairs cortex of the brain FALSE. "This finding by the neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp strongly suggests that the need for and drive to play are deep-seated , and that they involve the lower structures of the brain as do other instinctive urges for survival and connection" 2. Answer the following question related to the text in your own words. Do not copy form the text and do not interpret, stick to the facts in the text.a. Which are three causes that are endangering children´s play time. 2. Answer the following question related to the text in your own words. Do not copy form the text and do not interpret, stick to the facts in the text.b. Explain what two commonalities did the study of Stuart Brown on the death row murderers find out? 3. Find the words that are synonyms to the following words: infringe (paragraph 1)- encroachinnately (paragraph 2)- inherentlydesires ( paragraph 2)- urgesessential ( paragraph 3)- fundamental 4. Complete the sentences with a word or the right form of the word given (in brackets): 1. Unless you tell me the truth, I won´t find our what really happened that night.2. She apologized for not having invited me at her birthday party.3. I would have never complained(never complain) about the quality of food in the restaurant, if they had not served(not serve) us raw meat last night.4. Feeling (feel) sick, she decided to leave the party.5. Kids mustnot be deprived of free play, that is a crime!6. Children who spend time in the nature are usually less (exposed) to depression during their adulthood than those who do not. 5. Choose one of these two topics and write a compositios of 150-200 words. Use paragraphs and give your text a title. Use linkers and follow proper essay structure according to the topic you have chosen. a. Write about a memorable, special and heartwarming childhood event that meant a lot to you. Describe the event in an original and creative way.b. Children were happier and less stressed in the past than they are in the XXI century. Do you agree with this statement? State your point of view by giving proper arguments and examples to sustain your thesis.