Golden Age of Greece

Historical Context: What lead to the Golden Age of Greece Due to it's unique geography, ancient Greece was divided into many city-states, each with their own diverse culture, that often warred with one another. Additionally, due to their isolation and lack of cultural diffusion, city-states developed a variety of types of governments instead of one centralized government. So, it should not be surprising that the golden age of the Greek civilization was not shared between them. Instead, Athens, from 461-429 BCE, dominated the other city-states and prospered as a result. The Golden Age of Athens took place during the rule of a man named Pericles. Through his leadership, Athens experienced a period of artistic and scientific growth, so the golden age is often referred to as the “Age of Pericles.” What is the name of the military leader who ushered in the "Golden Age of Greece”? Caesar Pericles Alexander the Great Zeus Why was this time period considered a “golden age”? All Greek city-states experienced a period of peace Athens experienced a period of artistic and scientific growth The golden age of the Greek civilization was not shared between all of the city-states City-States developed a variety of types of governments instead of one centralized government Greco-Persian Wars the Delian League Throughout the 400s BCE the Greeks fought against their rivals to the east, the Persian Empire, in the Greco-Persian Wars. During one of these wars that started in 486 BCE, the Persians invaded Greece and sacked Athens, but the Greeks defeated the Persians because of Athens’ dominant navy. With an advantage over the Persians, the Greeks, led by the city-state Athens, formedan alliance between Greek City-States, called the Delian League, whose purpose was to work together to defeat the Persian Empire. Who did the Greeks defeat in 480 BCE? Persia Sparta Troy Carthage Age of Pericles Pericles (495–429 BCE) was a prominent statesman and general of Athens during the Golden Age of Athens. So profound was his influence that the period in which he led Athens has been called the 'Age of Pericles’.Pericles started to use the Delian League to control the other Greek city-states and he moved the League’s treasury (where its money was kept) to Athens for his city-state to use for their benefit. By using the troops and money, Pericles turned Athens into a wealthy empire.Pericles promoted the arts, literature, and philosophy and gave free reign to some of the most inspired writers and thinkers of his time. During the Age of Pericles, Athens blossomed as a center of education, art, culture, and developed a new type of government called democracy in which citizens voted directly on important matters such as taxes and going to war. Artists and sculptors, playwrights and poets, architects and philosophers all found Athens an exciting and enlivening atmosphere for their work. Why is Greece’s golden age sometimes referred to as the “age of Pericles”? He created a new type of government called democracy He lived in a golden palace He was the general who defeated the Persians His leadership helped turned Athens into a wealthy powerful empire What new type of government was developed is Greece’s golden age in which citizens voted directly on important matters such as taxes and going to war? democracry monarchy anarchy oligarchy Greek Architecture Greek architects provided some of the finest and most distinctive buildings in the entire Ancient World. In addition, the designs in their buildings would go on to greatly influence architects in the Roman world. Many of the Roman structures include temples, theaters, and stadiums were all modeled after the Greek style of architecture.Greek architects created the three “orders,” or styles, of columns. Those three, depicted in the image below are the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. These styles are still common on many modern buildings especially museums, libraries, and government buildings. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 types of columns designed by the Greeks during the Golden Age? Ionian Doric Corinthian Persian Which of the following is a lasting legacy of Greek Architecture today? Collumns Stadiums Theatres Temples Secrets of the Acropolis Watch the video about the architecture of the parthenon then fill in the blanks below. Watch the video about the architecture of the parthenon then fill in the blanks below. The magnificent temple on the Acropolis of Athens, known as the (1) Parthenon, was built between 447 and 432 BCE in the Age of Pericles, and it was dedicated to the city’s patron deity, (2) Athena. The Acropolis was the center of Athenian life built on top of a hill in the city where the most important civic buildings were located. The acropolis itself measures some 300 by 150 metres and is 70 metres high at its maximum. The secret to the parthenon’s perfection begins with its special building material called (3) marble. But none was found naturally in Athens so it had to be transported from the quarry 17 kilometers away at Mt. Pentelicus in order to be used for the building, and never before had so much stone been used in a Greek temple. Made with 22, 000 tons of, 13, 000 individual stones fit together and 58 towering (4) columns are so strong they can withstand earthquakes. Armed with only (5) hammer chisels, cutting the marble pieces would have posed many challenges. The rock is full of fissures or tiny (6) cracks that cause instability in the structure of the rock. In order to transport the massive rocks 17 kilometers away, the Greeks of Athens built smooth (7) roads to make it as easy as possible. What problems would the Greeks have faced when trying to build temples of marble such as the acropolis? How Has Roman Architecture Influenced Modern Architecture Use the link to help you identify important Greek architecture in Part II below. Greek Architecture PART I Greek Architecture (PART 2) Fill in the names of the structures using the link in Greek Architecture PART 1 Arches Columns Amphitheaters Aqueducts Domes Bridges Bathhouses Literature The poet Homer was an important figure in Greek literature. He wrote two epic poems that are still read today: the Iliad and the Odyssey. These two stories about adventure, war, and tragedy are still used as templates for modern storytellers Homer was an important Greek _. Architect Historian Author Philosopher Theater Greek playwrights wrote drama and comedies which were performed regularly in theaters and at festivals. Of the hundreds of plays written and performed during the classical age, only a limited number of plays by three authors have survived: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Sophocles' life covered nearly the whole period of Athens' "golden age." He won more than 20 victories at the Dionysian festivals and produced more than 100 plays, only seven of which remain. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are examples of famous Greek _. historians authors playwrites architects Mathematics Greek artists and architects used mathematics to complete their architectural projects and philosophers used it to explore the true nature of the world. For example, Pythagoras, a philosopher, developed a method for explaining the relationship between the angles and legs of right triangles now called the Pythagorean Theorem. complete their architectural projects All of the following are ways that Greeks used mathematics EXCEPT _. explore the true nature of the world complete their architectural projects explaining the relationship between the angles and legs of right triangles to honor their gods goddesses Pythagoras is an example of famous Greek _. Historian Author Philosopher Mathemetician Philosophy Philosophy is the study of ideas about knowledge, truth, and the nature and meaning of life. In Classical Greece, philosophy flourished. Athenians valued education, and as a result, philosophers were able to start their own schools and debate one another. The ideas that came from Classical Greece were written down and passed around to other civilizations in the Eastern hemisphere. These ideas greatly impacted global history. The three most well known philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are examples of famous Greek _. Historians Philosophers Architects Mathemeticians The ideas that came from Classical Greece were written down and passed around to other civilizations in the Eastern hemisphere. As a result _. They have a lasting legacy on Global History They are in books in the Eastern Hemisphere They have influenced architecture in Classical Rome They have been forgetting to history History Herodotus was a writer who traveled widely in Egypt, Africa and Asia Minor and wrote down his experiences and observations, providing later generations with detailed accounts of important historical events (such as the Battles of Marathon and Peluseum); everyday life in Greece. Herodotus is credited with invented the field of study known today as `history’ so he is sometimes called `The Father of History’. Herodotus is important to Greek history because his work _. provided detailed accounts of important historical events everyday life provided directions as how to build a temple using marble described the religious beliefs of the Greeks in detail used the pythagorean theorum to annoy children for thousands of years in math classes What are the names of the two epic poems from Homer? (Pick 2) Iliad Odyssey Trojan Horse Pythagorean Theorum What do the many plays both comedy and drama tell us about the ancient Greeks? How is the influence of Greece seen in today's world? the clothes they wore philosophy, arts architecture communities are isolated we speak the same language Vocab Matching Match the vocab term to the correct definition below Herodotus provided detailed accounts of important historical events Philosopher someone who seeks to understand and explain life Marble Building material of Greek architects Mediterranean body of water surrounding the Greek Peninsula Archipelago chain of islands where Greeks built their city-states Epic poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds Matching Part II Delian League an alliance formed between Greek City-States, whose purpose was to work together to defeat the Persian Empire Pythagoras a philosopher, developed a method for explaining the relationship between the angles and legs of right triangles Democracy new form of government ruled directly by its citizens City-State independent city with its own government & culture Pantheon a temple built to honor the goddess Athena Pericles Leader who built Greece into an empire Homer poet who wrote the Iliad & Odyssey