Atom Review and Nuclear Fission!!!

Introduction Over the next two days we are going to be learning out two final reactions Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion! Both these types of reactions releases an enormous about of energy. Before we talk about our first reaction, fission, we have to make sure that we remember a few key topics :)Key topics:1. Protons and how to determine how many an element has2. Neutrons and how to determine how many an element has3. What are isotopes?! Atomic Theory Review Atomic Number tells us the number of Protons! It is always a whole number.Example: Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1, so there is 1 proton in a Hydrogen nucleusThe number of protons will never change for an element. It is like our social security number, it identifies themAtomic Mass HELPS us find the number of neutrons...but it takes a few stepsAtomic Mass is read right off the periodic table and will ALWAYS have a decimal point in it. Atomic Mass is the weighted average of all the isotopesThe first step is to use the Atomic Mass to find the Mass Number. The Mass Number is the Atomic Mass rounded to a whole number.The Mass Number is the number of protons and the number of neutrons combined! That means to find the number of neutrons you complete this equation:Neutrons = mass # - # protonsBefore we review isotopes let's practice these ideas :) How many protons?!? Element How Many Protons?!?! Carbon (C) 6 Nitrogen (N) 7 Boron (B) 5 Iodine (I) 53 Fluorine (F) 9 Aluminium (Al) 13 Calcium (Ca) 20 Sodium (Na) 11 Helium (He) 2 Barium (Ba) 56 Neon (Ne) 10 How many Neutrons?!? Element Mass Number Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Carbon (C) 12 6 6 Nitrogen (N) 14 7 7 Oxygen (O) 16 8 8 Sodium (Na) 23 11 22 Bromine (Br) 80 35 45 Isotope Review Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons. Since they are same element the number of protons are the same, so only the neutrons change!Isotopes are structures Element Name - Mass NumberRemember Mass Number is # of protons + # of neutrons. So to find the # of neutrons we take the Mass Number and subtract the # of protons.For Example Carbon-13This tells us we are looking at Carbon and the Mass Number is 13We know that since it is Carbon that it has 6 protons.# of Neutrons = Mass Number - # of Protons# of Neutrons = 13-6 = 7Carbon-13 has 7 Neutrons! How many Neutrons Isotope Edition! Isotope Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Iron-56 26 30 Sodium-21 11 10 Chlorine-33 17 16 Hydrogen-2 1 1 Iodine-131 53 78 Nuclear Symbols The complete nuclear symbol contains the symbol for the element and numbers that relate to the number of protons and neutrons in that particular nucleus.To write a complete nuclear symbol, the mass number is placed at the upper left (superscript) of the chemical symbol and the atomic number is placed at the lower left (subscript) of the symbol.The complete nuclear symbol for helium-4 is drawn below. Draw the complete nuclear symbol for a nucleus of chlorine that contains 17 protons and 20 neutrons Draw the complete nuclear symbol for a nucleus of oxygen that contains 8 protons and 10 neutrons Use this image to fill in the blanks with the correct information The name of the element is TitaniumIt has 22 protonsIt's mass number is 48It has 26 neutrons Use the image to fill in the blanks! The name of the element is UraniumIt has 92 ProtonsIts Mass Number is 235It has 143 Neutrons Use the image to fill in the blanks The name of this element is FluorineIt has 9 ProtonsIt's mass number is 16It has 5 Neutrons Where is the Nucleus of the atom In the center Around the outside It doesn't exist Nuclear fission Nuclear Fission is the process of splitting apart nuclei (usually large nuclei)When a nucleus fissions, it splits into several smaller fragments. These fragments, or fission products, are about equal to half the original mass. Two or three neutrons are also emittedNuclear fissionThe sum of the masses of these fragments is less than the original mass. This 'missing' mass (about 0.1 percent of the original mass) has been converted into energyA chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces neutrons, and the process repeats. The process may be controlled (nuclear power) or uncontrolled (nuclear weapons) How do we use fission for energy? Connecticut uses nuclear fission to produce most of our energy! If you have ever heard of Millstone in Waterford, CT that is a nuclear power plant!!So how does it work?In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, releasing energy. Fission takes place inside the reactor of a nuclear power plant. At the center of the reactor is the core, which contains uranium fuel. Remember how above we saw how all those chain reactions produce heat energy?! Well that is what is happening in the reactor!The heat produced during nuclear fission in the reactor core is used to boil water into steam, which turns the blades of a steam turbine. As the turbine blades turn, they drive generators that make electricity. Nuclear plants cool the steam back into water in a separate structure at the power plant called a cooling tower, or they use water from ponds, rivers, or the ocean. The cooled water is then reused to produce steam What is Nuclear Fission? Watch the video and then use the video and the notes to answer the questions! :) What is Nuclear Fission? the process of combining nuclei the process of splitting apart nuclei (usually large nuclei) when cookies are being made In your own words describe what a chain reaction is in fission reactions In your own words how do we harness fission reactions for electricity