BM 1 Review 2

Instructions This review will cover: photosynthesis and cellular respiration, cell transport, cell cycle, mitosis, cancer, meiosis, cell differentiation.Here are the videos if you need help:photosynthesis and cellular respiration transport: cycle, mitosis and cancer- PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION SUMMARY The purpose of photosynthesis is to convert light energy into chemical energy, known as glucose. Autotrophic organisms, like plants, undergo this process to create their own food source. The process involves water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide entering the chloroplast and converting the molecules into glucose and oxygen. The products of photosynthesis can then be used as the reactants for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process of converting chemical energy that was consumed and converting it to a usable form of chemical energy called ATP. So basically this process explains why we are energized after eating food. Respiration occurs in all cells so that cells can have the energy to do cellular processes. This process occurs in the organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell, the mitochondria. The reactants of oxygen and glucose are transported to the mitochondria and are converted into ATP (energy), water, and carbon dioxide. ATP is readily used by the cell. The rest of the products serve as the reactants for photosynthesis. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION Label this diagram with the following words: ATP, sunlight, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, oxygen, glucose, water, carbon dioxide sunlight photosynthesis cellular respiration ATP glucose oxygen water carbon dioxide CELL TRANSPORT Read each description and determine if is a characteristic of active or passive transport Passive transport No energy is needed Molecules go WITH the concentration gradient (flow) small molecules can easily pass through the membrame osmosis- transport of water facilitated diffusion- small molecules are transported by protein channel simple diffusion- small molecules easily pass through the membrane Active transport Energy in the form of ATP is needed to transport molecules Molecules go AGAINST the concentration gradient (flow) large or charged molecules need help passing through the membrane endocytosis- bulk transport into the cell Exocytosis- bulk transport out of the cell protein pumps- charged molecules are forced in the cell The purpose of the cell membrane and cell transport is to help maintain- homeostasis mitosis energy CELL CYCLE DIAGRAM Label the stages of the cell cycle. word bank: s-phase, mitosis, telophase, cytokinesis, G1, interphase, metaphase, G2, anaphase, prophase interphase G1 S-phase G2 prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis mitosis CELL CYCLE STEPS Read each description and match it to a stage in the cell cycle. Stage description Stage name Chromosomes are aligned in the middle (equator or center) METAPHASE the cell prepares for cell division (mitosis) G2 Chromosomes are pulled apart (away from each other) ANAPHASE two new nuclei form in one cell and chromosomes unravel into chromatin TELOPHASE nucleus falls apart and chromatin becomes visible chromosomes PROPHASE DNA is replicated (another copy is made so there's double the DNA) S-PHASE Cell grows and duplicates organelles G1 What does an unregulated cell cycle lead to? (when the cell cycle repeats uncontrollably) gametes cancer spores What is the purpose of mitosis? to replace old or damaged cells to make identical daughter cells to make more cells for organism growth all of the above MEIOSIS SUMMARY Meiosis is the process of making gametes which are sex cells (sperm and egg). In meiosis, cells divide twice to make 4 daughter cells. During meiosis 1, the first division, recombination occurs to create genetic variety and homologous chromosomes are separated. In meiosis 2, the homologous chromosomes are separated and 4 daughter cells are made. Each daughter cell is genetically different from each other and only contain half of the genetic material, haploid. This is why meiosis is called reduction division because it reduces the amount of chromosomes in a cell. INDENTIFY label the images as either mitosis or meiosis meiosis mitosis Cell differentiation is the process of cells becoming different or specialized during development. What causes differentiation? different genes are activated proteins were altered the gender of the organism determines the cells Exterior factors like temperature can affect cell differentiation? True or False true false