Mutations! (1st Period, Spring 2022)

Understand gene mutations! Learn types, effects on proteins, and classify mutations.

Classes of Gene Mutations Match the type of gene mutation to its description. Point mutation when one nucleotide is switched for another; affects only that single nucleotide; also called a "substitution" Frameshift mutation when a nucleotide is added to or deleted from a strand of DNA; affects all other nucleotides downstream Types of frameshift mutations Deletion Original DNA: AAT-CGG Mutated DNA: ATC-GG Insertion Original DNA: AAT-CGG Mutated DNA: ATA-TCG-G Compare the original DNA sequence to the mutated DNA sequence. Which codon in the mutated DNA sequence contains the mutation? codon 1 codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 Did the mutation affect the protein that was produced? yes no cannot be determined Which codon in the mutated DNA contains the mutation? codon 1 codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 Did the mutation affect the protein that was produced? yes no cannot be determined Match the terms to their definitions. Beneficial Describes a mutation that has a positive effect on the organism - it usually gives the organism an advantage. Neutral The mutation has no effect on the organism; it offers neither an advantage or a disadvantage. Harmful Some aspect of this mutation causes problems for the organism. It puts them at a disadvantage when trying to survive or can cause a disease or diability. In general, most genetic mutations are silent mutations, which means they _ change the resulting protein and so are considered _. do, beneficial do, neutral do not, harmful do not, neutral Some people are born with 2 different eye colors. Do you think this type of mutation is beneficial, neutral, or harmful? Beneficial Neutral Harmful Approximately 1 in every 2 million or so lobsters is born bright blue. This mutation has no effect on the physiology of the lobster; however, it does make it more difficult for the lobster to evade predators. Such a mutation would be considered _. beneficial neutral harmful Use the codon chart below to help you answer the following questions. Original DNA: ACG--GCA--TAC--ACC--GGG--TTA--ATTMutated DNA: ACG--GCA--TAC--ACT--GGG--TTA--ATTWhat type of mutation occurred? point frameshift Will this mutation affect the protein that gets produced? (Note that you must transcribe and translate the original and mutated DNA in order to determine if there is an effect on any amino acids.) Yes No Cannot be determined