Evidence of Evolution

Myths and Misconceptions About Evolution The first thing we will do is watch a video that addresses some common misconceptions about evolution, and then answer the questions that follow. You may also need to refer to your notes to answer these questions. Evolution favors bigger, stronger, and faster organisms. True False Ostriches have wings, but do not fly. Humans have an appendix with no apparent function. Whales contain bones for rear legs. Each of these are examples of homologous structures vestigial structures analogous structures natural selection Match the type of evidence to its description: Paleontology The study of prehistoric life Biogeography Where living things are located Embryology The study of embryonic development of organisms Anatomy The study of structures or organisms Biochemistry The study of the chemical processes in organisms Fill in the missing words: Evolutionary fitness is a measure of how well suited an organism is to its environment . Fitness (as in survival of the fitest) refers to an organism's ability to Survive Find Resources Grow Reproduce Evolution is organisms adapting to their environment. True False The best example of an analogous structure would be comparing a human arm and a whale arm. comparing a bat wing and a human arm comparing a human eye and an insect eye. comparing a mosquito wing and a bat wing. Natural selection is the idea that fit organisms will survive and _ thus changing the _ in a population Pass on their fit traits l Not have any offspring And only Community Natural Selection is the idea that fit organisms will survive and reproduce. Therefore they will pass on their fit trait and over time the allele frequency will change in the population. Two bodily structures, found in different species, have different internal bone structures but serve a similar purpose in each organism. This is the best description of homologous structures vestigial structures analogous structures natural selection Fill in the missing words: Survival is not how evolution occurs, reproduction is. Individual organisms don't evolve True False Read the article and click on the blank to select the correct word. Evolution is the theory that organisms gradually change over time. This theory has been thoroughly tested and there is enough conclusive data that evolution occurred in the past and continues to take place today. Several types of evidence support the theory of evolution, including homologous structure, early development, similarities in DNA, and the fossil record.Homologous structures are body structures (ex. bone structures) that are similar and shared by two or more organisms. These structures have helped us to classify vertebrate organisms including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals which all share a similar internal skeleton with a backbone. Homologous structures help to show how certain species may have inherited a trait from an ancestor.Similarities in embryological development can also provide evidence for evolution. Observing embryos of different species during various stages of early development can reveal similarities. Many different species share similar structures early on such as tails or gill slits, which demonstrates relationships and reveals common ancestors. The more structures they have in common, the more closely related the organisms.We can also compare the DNA of organisms to note how many nitrogen base pairs (A-T; C-G) are the same. The more bases that match, the more similar two organisms are to one another. Because bases along a gene call for specific proteins to be created, scientists can compare the order of amino acids in a protein to see how similar species are.Fossils provide “hard” evidence that organisms of today originated from a common ancestor and changed over time. Unfortunately, the evolutionary history of the earth and it’s fossil record is incomplete because many organisms don’t leave behind fossils, creating gaps or “missing link." A missing link is a transitional fossil or species that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its descendants. For example, the discovery of the Archaeopteryx bridged the gap between dinosaur and present day birds. Evolution Reading: Matching Evolution Organisms gradually change over time Homologous Structure Similar body structure (ex. bones) that are shared by two or more organisms Embryonic Development Similarities in embryos show evolutionary relationshis DNA Similarities in the genetic code between organisms shows an evolutionary relationship Fossils Preserved remains that show evidence of species that may no longer exist Preserved Remains When an organism dies and its remains are trapped in tar, ice, or amber Use the image of embryonic development below to answer the questions that follow. In stage 1 of development, how many organisms seem to share the same characteristics as the human embryo? Only 1 The first 3 animals Only the mammals All of the organisms In stage 2, which organisms do NOT share similar characteristics as the human? Fish Salamander Fish and Salamander All of the organisms What is biogeography? Watch the video to get an idea of how biogeography supports the theory of evolution. Biogeography explained deeper. Biogeography is the past and present geographical distribution of organisms on the planet. Many of the observations made by the naturalists Darwin and Wallace were based on biogeography. Darwin and Wallace hypothesized that species evolve in one location and then spread out to other regions of the globe. Support:a. Geographically close environments are more likely to be populated by related species than are locations that are geographically separate but environmentally similar.b. Animals found on islands closely relate to animals found on the closet continents.c. Fossils of the same species can be found on the coastline of neighbouring continents.d. Closely related species are almost never found in exactly the same location or habitat. That's because species with identical niches also have identical needs, which means they would compete for precisely the same resources. Support and examples. Use the 4 supports for biogeography to match with examples of that biogeography in nature. Geographically close environments are more likely to be populated by related species than are locations that are geographically separate but environmentally similar. Wetland frogs from Point Pelee are more closely related to march frogs from Point Pelee than they are to wetland frogs from Maidstone conservation area. Animals found on islands closely relate to animals found on the closet continents. Galapagos finches are closely related to tropical birds from Central and South America. Fossils of the same species can be found on the coastline of neighbouring continents. Darwin's finches varied slightly from island to island in the Galapagos. All of these organisms have a similar bone structure. Closely related species are almost never found in exactly the same location or habitat. The anole lizards found on the island of Puerto Rico are a good example. In this group, natural selection has led to the evolution of different species that make use of different resources. Each species lives in its own preferred habitat, which is defined by type and height of vegetation (trees, shrubs, cactus, etc.), sunlight, and moisture, among other factors. They do not live in the same parts of the forest. Your Last Name Which block period? 2 3 4 5 6