DNA, RNA, DNA Replication, and Protein Synthesis

Master DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis with our engaging worksheet. Covers transcription, translation, and key differences!

DNA vs RNA Label each vocabulary word as describing DNA or RNA. DNA double helix A, G, C, T contains deoxyribose sugar found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells Deoxyribonucleic acid Stores instructions for making proteins RNA single helix A, G, C, U contains ribose sugar found in nucleus and cytoplasm Ribonucleic Acid carries instructions for making proteins to the ribosome carries amino acids to the ribosome is a main part of the ribosome Can act as a biological catalyst Both Nucleic acid Made of nucleotides organic DNA Transcription: Type in ALL CAPS with no spaces DNACGT - ATA - CAG - CTAmRNAGCA - UAU - GUC - GAU Types of RNA Correctly match the picture and definition for each type of RNA. RNA Definition Picture mRNA Carries the copy of DNA's code to the ribosome tRNA Brings the amino acid rRNA Makes up the structure that links amino acids together Transcription vs Translation Correctly separate the major differences between the two major processes in Protein Synthesis. Transcription Happens in the Nucleus 1st part RNA polymerase opens the DNA helix and adds complementary RNA nucleotides Makes mRNA Translation 2nd part tRNA brings an amino acid to the ribosome Makes a polypeptide happens in ribosomes Transcription and Translation Model Complete of the missing blanks with this unit's vocabulary words. Make sure to type them exactly as they appear in the word bank below:Word bank:DNA mRNA tRNA RibosomeTranscription Translation PolypeptideNucleus Cytoplasm Amino Acid DNA mRNA Nucleus Cytoplasm tRNA Amino Acid Polypeptide Ribosome Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Complete the table below. DNA CGA TAC ATA GGG GAT ATG ATC AAA RNA GCU AUG UAU CCC CUA UAC UAG UUU Amino Acid Alanine Methionine Tyrosine Proline Leucine Tyrosine Stop Phenylalanine Fill in the diagram representing the Central Dogma. DNA--> to RNA --> protein Fill in the blanks Codons, groups of 3 mRNA nucleotides read by ribosomes, pair complementarily with anticodons, found on tRNA. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid. Protein Synthesis vs DNA Replication These are two unrelated processes, but many students confuse them. Sort the terms based on whether they apply to protein synthesis or DNA replication. Protein synthesis Occurs in two stages: transcription and translation mRNA is read by ribosomes tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome Ribosome connects amino acids to form a polypeptide Specific gene(s) are expressed, not the entire genome RNA polymerase uses the DNA template strand to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA Gene expression DNA Replication Entire genome is copied Helicase unwinds and separates the two DNA strands Primase lays down a small group of RNA nucleotides called a primer DNA polymerases synthesize complementary DNA strands Produces two identical daughter DNA molecules, each made of one parent strand and one newly synthesized strands Semi-conservative