Mutations Project Make-up

Matching Match the term with the correct description. Chromosomal Mutation A change in the number or structure of a single chromosome or whole sets of chromosomes Nondisjunction Chromosomes that don't separate during meiosis Translocation Chromosome pieces are moved onto another chromosomes Inversion Chromosome segment is inserted in reverse order Duplication A segment of a chromosome is repeated Deletion Segment of a chromosome is removed Insertion Segment of chromosome is inserted into another Haploid A sex cell that has half the number of chromosomes that a body cell has Diploid A cell with 2 sets of chromosomes (1 male; 1 female) Fill in the blanks with the term(s) that makes the statement correct. 1. A gene mutation is a change in one or more nucleotide basesof DNA.2. Mutations are caused by mutagenslike UV light or chemicals A pointmutation is when 1 nucleotide base in DNA is changed.4. A deletionmutation is when a nucleotide base is lost.5. An insertionmutation is when an extra nucleotide base is inserted.6. Both deletion and insertion mutations may cause what is called a frame-shiftbecause the codon pairs change as do the amino acid sequences.7. A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide base is substituted for another. If the original DNA is ATAACGCCTATT... then the number of codons is 3 4 5 12 For the DNA sequence above (ATAACGCCTATT), what is the mRNA sequence? If the "G" was deleted in this DNA sequence: ATAACGCCTATT, what type of mutation would occur? Frame-shift Point mutation For the scenario above, when the "G" is deleted, how many complete codons would there then be? (ATAACGCCTATT, "G" removed: ATAACCCTATT) Using the following DNA sequence, determine the type of mutation that has occurred with the new sequence. T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T New sequence Type of mutation T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T Substitution T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T Insertion T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T Deletion A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein coded by a gene. What do you think is the most likely type of mutation in this gene? Why? What kind of mutation is more likely to result in a nonfunctional protein, a frame-shift (resulting from an insertion or deletion) or a point mutation? Why? Genetic Disorders -Use the word bank to make the statement correct. 1. Only a karyotypedetects mutations affecting the number of chromosomes.2. Down Syndrome is trisomyon the 21chromosome pair.3. Trisomy 21occurs when there is an extra copy of a chromosome in a diploid cell.4. Turner Syndrome is caused by having only one sex chromosome, the X chromosome. What disorder does this karyotype indicate? Sickle Cell Anemia Brown Eyes Turner Syndrome Trisomy 21