DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Unit 5 review

Label the Diagram of DNA Use the appropriate vocabulary word Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Sugar-Phosphate Double DNA vs RNA Label each vocabulary word as describing DNA or RNA. DNA double helix A, G, C, T contains deoxyribose sugar found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells primary job is long term storage and transmission of genetic information RNA single helix A, G, C, U contains ribose sugar found in nucleus and cytoplasm Its main job is to transfer the genetic code need for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome. Protein Synthesis Label the missing words transcription translation codon protein mRNA UGG Tryptophan Phenylalanine Glycine Serine Overview of Protein Synthesis The synthesis of proteins takes two steps: transcriptionand translation.Transcription takes the information encoded in DNA and encodes it into mRNA, which heads out of the cell’s nucleus and into the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA works with a ribosomeand tRNA to synthesize proteins. The first step in transcription is the partial unwinding of the DNA. Once the DNA molecule is unwound at the correct location, an enzyme called RNA polymerasehelps line up nucleotides to create a complementarystrand of mRNA. Since mRNA is a single-stranded molecule, only one of the two strands of DNA is used as a template for the new RNA strand.In translation, mRNA is sent to the cytoplasm, where it bonds with ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis. Once the mRNA is in place, tRNA molecules, each associated with specific amino acids, bind to the ribosome in the right order. At its head, tRNA has three nucleotides that make up an anticodon. Translation begins with the binding of the mRNA chain to the ribosome. The first codon is always the start codon methionine. The ribosome now slides down the mRNA. The appropriate tRNA carrying the appropriate amino acid pairs bases with this next codon. A peptide bondis formed between the two adjacent amino acids held by tRNA molecules, forming the first two links of a chain. The process continues until one of the three stopcodons appears. At that point, the protein chain connected to the tRNA is released. Translation is complete. Match each DNA strand with its protein! Remember, use the DNA strand to determine its complementary mRNA strand, and use that codon to determine the amino acid strand. (For our purposes, do not worry about tRNA anticodons.) TAC-TGA-TCG Methionine- Threonine-Serine TAC-CGC-TCC Methionine-Alanine-Argenine TAC-CAC-CCC Methionine-Valine-Glycine TAC-TCT-CCC Methionine-Argenine-Glycine Protein Synthesis Race (HTML5) Click on the Link to (re)walk through the steps of protein synthesis. Review the Steps of Protein Synthesis Gel Electrophoresis Click on the Link to (re)walk through the steps of electrophoresis. Gel Electrophoresis Review Finished? You can individually review on Quizlet or Quizizz!