2020 Ecology

Match the description with the appropriate level of ecology: A single ant organism A colony of ants Population The ants, grass, and flowers found in a certain area Community The ants, grass, flowers, sun, and soil in a certain area Ecosystem The portion of the earth that supports life Biosphere Use the following food chain to answer the questions below: - The arrows represent energy transfer- In this food chain, the grass is the producer.- In this food chain, grasshoppers are primary consumers.- In this food chain, which organism is the secondary consumer? frog- In this food chain, which organism is an herbivore? grasshopper - What type of consumers are the frog and the snake? carnivores- If the frog population increased, what would happen to the grasshopper population? It would decrease - If the frog population increased, what would happen to the snake population? It would increase- Which organism has the highest amount of energy? grass- Which organism has the lowest amount of energy? snake- What was the original source of energy in this food web? Sun Symbiosis Review In the table below, use the drop down box to provide a definition and example of each type of symbiosis Definition or example Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism Definition Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit Symbiotic relationship where one organisms benefits by harming another organism known as the host Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. Example Oxpeckers get food by eating parasites and insects off of rhinos. Rhinos are all clean now :) A wasp injects its eggs into another organism and steals the organisms nutrients Barnacles live on blue whales, which are not bothered by the barnacles Use the word bank to complete the sentences below: 1. A producer is an organism at the beginning of a food chain because they can produce their own food using energy from the sun2. Organisms that feed off of other organisms and cannot make their own are known as heterotrophs3. A nonliving part of the environment is a(n) abioticfactor4. A living part of the environment is a(n) biotic factor5. A consumer that eats only plants is known as a herbivore6. A consumer that eats both plants and animals is called an omnivore7. Energy is transferred through an ecosystem by eating or consuming food and is represented on food chains and food webs using arrows8. Decomposers breakdown decaying organisms and nutrients are put back into the soil by bacteria and fungi Levels of Organization Organism A single living thing Population a group of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time Community A group of different species that live in the same habitat and interact with one another Ecosystem A community of organisms and their non-living environment Biosphere all of the world and it's atmosphere that support life Trophic Interactions: Use the food web below to answer the following questions What level of consumer is a wild cat? Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Producer What level of consumer is a goat? Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Producer Which organism can be both a primary and a secondary consumer? Owl Wild Cat Rabbit Snake Matching Match the item on the left with the corresponding item on the right. Limiting Factor Something that prevents a population from growing indefinitely. Carrying capacity The number of organisms that an environment can sustain (support) without depleting (using up) the resources available. Exponential growth pattern Logistic growth Birth rate the number of organisms that are born in a population Death rate the number of organisms that die in a population Immigration organisms moving INTO a population Emigration organisms moving OUT OF (exiting) a population This food chain can be found in the coastal waters of Virginia. The population of which organisms in the food chain would be the first to decline if commercial fishing over-harvested shrimp? Damselfish Zooplankton Algae Barracuda The interaction pictured below represents: Growth Respiration Energy and nutrient transfer Herbivory and decomposition Seaweeds occupy an important niche in the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Which question will best help a student identify the role of seaweeds in this ecosystem? Which organisms depend on seaweeds as an energy source? Which seaweed species produces the greatest amount of oxygen? What wavelengths of light are photosynthesized by seaweed species? What is the salinity in areas where seaweed is growing? A hummingbird's bill is long and thin, allowing it to gather nectar deep into flowers. The flowers benefit from the pollination performed by the hummingbird. This relationship is best described as: Mutualism Commensalism Competition Neutralism The dashed red line in this graph represents the carrrying capacity limiting factor death rate birth rate What prevents populations from growing exponentially indefinitely? birth rate death rate limiting factors logistic growth Autotrophs Makes their own energy using sunlight (or other chemicals) so they do not need to consume other organisms to obtain energy producer plants, some protists and some bacteria Highest amount of energy available in a food chain Largest biomass Heterotrophs Needs to consumer other organisms to obtain energy primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer scavenger decomposer herbivore omnivore carnivore Lower amounts of energy in a food chain smaller biomass The main difference between a community and an ecosystem is that a community includes biotic factors and an ecosystem includes biotic and abiotic factors. Put the ecological levels of organization in order from smallest to largest organism --> population --> community --> ecosystem --> biome --> biosphere