U10 Review

Fill in the levels of classification -- include the largest category at the bottom! Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Sort the 6 Kingdoms of life into the correct Domains Archaea Archaebacteria Bacteria Eubacteria Eukaryota Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae According to this cladogram, what does a Leopard have that a Turtle does not? Hair Amniotic Egg Four Walking Legs Jaws According to the cladogram, what does a Tuna fish have in common with a Salamander? Hair Amniotic Eggs Four Walking Legs Jaws According to the cladogram, which organism is the most primitive? leopard salamander lamprey lancelet The picture compares the wings of an insect with the wings of birds and bats. The two structures are different, but both let the organisms fly. What is the word for this type of structure? Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial Structures Evolved Structures The above picture shows the arms of 4 different animals. Even though the animals use the arms for different purposes, the structures are very similar. This is because they share a common ancestor and are related.What is the word for this type of structure? Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial Structures Evolved Structures Evidence for Evolution Homologous Structures Same structure, different function Analogous Structure Same function, different structure Vestigial Structures body structure in an organism that no longer is needed Molecular Evidence you can tell how closely two species are related by counting the number of differences between the species' DNA Embryological Evidence embryos of related species are similar Sort the following examples into the different kinds of evidence for evolution Analogous Structures A bat wing and a butterfly wing are both used for flight, but butterflies do not have bones An anteater tongue and butterfly probiscus are both used to get into tight spots and obtain food Homologous Structures A human and a cat have almost identical radius and ulna bones All forelimbs of vertebrates have the same pattern of bones Molecular Evidence The number of amino acid differences between chimps and humans, is only 1 humans, cows, chickens, and chimpanzees all have a gene that encodes the hormone insulin Embryological Evidence A lizard, turtle pig, and human all look almost identical in the early stages of development all vertebrate embryos (including humans) have gill slits and a tail during early development Vestigial Structures Whales have pelvic bones that do not attach to legs the tailbone of humans, the hind leg bones of whales, and the underdeveloped legs found in some snakes The first organisms on Earth were most likely _. single-celled eukaryotes single-celled prokaryotes multicellular eukaryotes multicellular prokaryotes Based on the phylogenetic tree above, which organism would you expect to have the most genetic similarities with the snake? mammal lizard bird crocodile Based on the phylogenetic tree above, which pair of organisms would have the most similar DNA and amino acids? salamander and frog turtle and bird mammal and frog lungfish and salamander As farmers use pesticides to kill insects in their fields, what starts happening? all the weeds immediately die some insects survive, and eventually the population becomes resistant to pesticides insects stop eating the plants because the plants are toxic none of the above Nowadays, how do modern biologists assess the relatedness of different species and classify them accordingly? organisms that look the most similar should be grouped together organisms that are the same size should be grouped together organisms that are closely related through evolution should be grouped together scientists don't classify species anymore