Unit 10 (Evolution) Review

According to this cladogram, what does a Leopard have that a Turtle does not? Hair Amniotic Egg Four Walking Legs Jaws According to the cladogram, what does a Tuna fish have in common with a Salamander? Hair Amniotic Eggs Four Walking Legs Jaws According to the cladogram, which organism is the most primitive? leopard salamander lamprey lancelet The above picture compares the wings of an insect with the wings of birds. The two structures are totally different, yet both enable the organisms to fly. What term applies to such structures? Homologous structures Analogous structures Divergence Survival of the fittest The above picture shows the forelimbs of 4 different animals. Even though the animals use the forelimbs for different purposes, the structures are very similar (i.e., they all have the same bones in the same order). This indicates the species descended from a common ancestor and are related. What term describes such structures? Homologous structures Analogous structures Divergence Survival of the fittest Evidence for Evolution Homologous Structures Same structure, different function Analogous Structure Same function, different structure Vestigial Structures body structure in a present day organism that no longer serves its original purpose Molecular Evidence used to determine how closely two species are related by calculating the number of differences between the species' DNA sequences or amino acid sequences Embryological Evidence embryonic structures of different species shows significant similarities Sort the following examples into the different kinds of evidence for evolution Analogous Structures A bat wing and a butterfly wing are both used for flight, but butterflies do not have bones An anteater tongue and butterfly probiscus are both used to get into tight spots and obtain food Homologous Structures A human and a cat have almost identical radius and ulna bones All forelimbs of vertebrates have the same pattern of bones Molecular Evidence The number of amino acid differences between chimps and humans, is only 1 humans, cows, chickens, and chimpanzees all have a gene that encodes the hormone insulin Embryological Evidence A lizard, turtle pig, and human all look almost identical in the early stages of development all vertebrate embryos (including humans) have gill slits and a tail during early development Vestigial Structures Whales have pelvic bones that do not attach to legs the tailbone of humans, the hind leg bones of whales, and the underdeveloped legs found in some snakes New species can arise over time through a process illustrated above, when a physical barrier (like a river) divides a population. Eventually, the separated populations become so different genetically that they can no longer breed and produce fertile offspring. They are then considered different species. The name of this process is _. Homologous Structures Convergent Evolution Geographic Isolation Coevolution The first organisms on Earth were most likely _. single-celled eukaryotes single-celled prokaryotes multicellular eukaryotes multicellular prokaryotes Based on the phylogenetic tree above, which organism would you expect to have the most genetic similarities with the snake? mammal lizard bird crocodile Based on the phylogenetic tree above, which pair of organisms would have the most similar DNA and amino acids? salamander and frog turtle and bird mammal and frog lungfish and salamander As farmers use pesticides to kill insects in their fields, what starts happening? all the weeds immediately die some insects survive, and eventually the population becomes resistant to pesticides insects stop eating the plants because the plants are toxic none of the above When Linnaeus began classifying species in the 1700s, which was the primary evidence he used to organize species and assess their relatedness? anatomical analysis biochemical evidence the fossil record genetic analysis Nowadays, how do modern biologists assess the relatedness of different species and classify them accordingly? organisms that look the most similar should be grouped together organisms that are the same size should be grouped together organisms that are closely related through evolution should be grouped together scientists don't classify species anymore