Ecological Succession

TERRESTRIAL (land)PRIMARY SUCCESSIONThe picture below represents the transformation (change) of an area after a volcanic eruption. Pioneer Species is represented by the letter _. A B E F TERRESTRIAL (land)PRIMARY SUCCESSIONThe picture below represents the transformation (change) of an area after a volcanic eruption. Climax Community is represented by the letter _. A B E F TERRESTRIAL (land)SECONDARY SUCCESSIONThe picture below represents the transformation (change) of an area after a forest fire. Climax Community is represented by the stage(s) _. 1 8 1 and 8 5 TERRESTRIAL (land)SECONDARY SUCCESSIONThe picture below represents the transformation (change) of an area after a forest fire. Pioneer Species will be found in stage(s) _. 1 8 1 and 8 5 Use the picture below (SHRINK your page to see the entire picture on your screen) to complete the paragraphs below about:1. Primary Succession2. Secondary Succession The replacement of one community by another as environmental conditions change is called succession. It can take decades or even centuries to replace one community with another community. There are 2 types of terrestrial (land) succession: PRIMARY and SECONDARY. 1. PRIMARY SUCCESSIONWhen new sites of land are formed, after a lava flow or a glacier retreat (when glacier -miles of ice melts- the rock underneath the glacier gets exposed), the first organisms to colonize the new area are called Pioneer Species. As the pioneer species live, die, and get decomposed (rotted), a layer of topsoil gets added to the rock. As the years pass, through decomposition, more and more soil gets added to the rock, making the area habitable for larger and larger vegetation such as grass, shrubs, and small trees. Larger vegetation facilitates (helps) larger animal communities to live in the area. Finally, mature organisms inhabit the area, which is called the Climax Community.2. SECONDARY SUCCESSIONWhen a Climax community is disturbed or wiped out by a fire, a tornado, a hurricane, or human activities like making a farmland, a play field or making communities of new houses, the biotic factors are removed. However the soil remains (stays). The first organisms, such as weeds, colonize the new area. They are called Pioneer Species. As the years pass, small vegetation gets replaced by the larger vegetation, and eventually the Climax Community is restored. Differences and Similarities between PRIMARY and SECONDARY succession PRIMARY SUCCESSION Occurs after a natural disaster Lichens and mosses are Pioneer species Begins with rocks on the ground Soil must be created over time Occurs after glaciers melt, which reveals bare rock Occurs after a lava flow, which creates new rock BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION Has pioneer species Ends with a Climax Community Climax community has oak , hickory, maple, beech trees Takes decades or centuries to occur SECONDARY SUCCESSION Begins with soil on the ground Weeds are pioneer species Occurs after a natural or a man made disaster Occurs after a flash flood that sweeps through a desert Occurs on an abandoned farm Occurs after a fire sweeps through a forest PRIMARY AQUATIC SUCCESSION The picture below represents an aquatic succession. Number 1 - 6 to show how an aquatic succession takes place. 1 2 4 5 6 3 Use the picture below to show how an aquatic succession occurs. Arrange the stages in order. c, d, a, b a, b, c, d a, c, d, b b, a, d, c