Biomolecules F21

Amoeba Sisters Biomolecules Watch the Amoeba Sisters video and then answer the following questions. The Amoeba Sisters : Biomolecules Watch the amoeba sisters video and then answer the following questions. Food provides the building blocks of your body known as: biomes bioblocks Biomolecules Biocompounds The four biomolecules do not include Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins A single subunit of a larger repeating molecule is known as a compound monomer sugar biomolecule The monomer of carbohydrate is glycerol fatty acid simple sugar nucleic acid Which of the following is not a use of lipids in the body stored energy insulation cell membranes quick energy Which of the following is the monomer for protein simple sugar nucleotide glycerol amino acid Lipids Overview - Fill in the Blanks Lipids are a class of organic molecules which includes fats and animal oils such as bacon grease, and has the function of long-term storage of energy in the body. The building block of lipids is the fatty acid, which is a chain of carbons with hydrogen attached to each side. Saturated fats have two carbons attached to each carbon (except the one at the end). Saturated fats are unhealthy fats like butter and Crisco. Saturated fats have all the S’s (straight, single bonds, and solid at room temperature) Unsaturated fats are missing at least one hydrogen and are kinked in shape. The unsaturated fats are healthy, and include oils. Unsaturated fats do not follow the S rule and are opposites (bent instead of straight, double bonds instead of single bonds, and liquid at room temperature instead of solid at room temperature) Which of the following correctly pairs its monomer with the biomolecules amino acid: nucleic acids simple sugar: lipid nucleotide: lipid amino acid: protein Carbohydrate Overview - Fill in the blank Carbohydrates are the most common organic molecule because they make up most plant matter. They are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Their building block a single sugar called a monosaccharide. Sugars (monosaccharides) consist of carbon rings. When two monosaccharides, or sugars, combine, they form a disaccharide (di = two). When more than two monosaccharides join together, a polysaccharide (poly = many) is formed.There are three classes of carbohydrate polysaccharides. The first is starch. Starch is a carbohydrate used in food storage in plants. Potatoes, pasta and rice are rich in starch. Starches are very valuable because they provide a quick form of energy for the body. The second is glycogen. Glycogen is used for food storage in animals. The third is cellulose. Cellulose is used for structural support in plants (stems, leaves). Biomolecules Overview - Fill in the blank. Organic molecules have four common characteristics. First, they are all carbon based, meaning they all contain carbon. Carbon is the basic element of life. The organic molecules are formed from just a few elements which join together to form small molecules which join together, or bond, to form large molecules. All biomolecules contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The third characteristic of all organic molecules is that each is kind of organic molecule is built from a single type of building block. For example, the building block of carbohydrates is monosaccharide, the building block of lipids is fatty acids, the building block of protein is amino acids and the building block of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. When these building blocks are joined together, they form a large molecule (polymer), just as bricks joined together form a wall. Sort the statements by biomolecule Protein Involved in the immune system Role in muscle development Enzymes Contains CHONP Nucleic Acid Genetic Material RNA DNA Contains CHON only Fat Insulation Energy Storage Cell Membranes Fatty Acid Glycerol Elements CHO in varying ratios Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Ring Structure Quick Energy Pasta Only elements CHO in a fixed ratio Saturated vs. Unsaturated Label the Pictures Below as Saturated or Unsaturated Saturated Unsaturated Nucleic Acid Overview - Fill in the Blanks The fourth class of organic molecules is the nucleic acids. This class involves the genetic materials, DNA and RNA. DNA is the blueprint of life because it contains instructions on how to make proteins in the body. Each individual’s DNA is unique, which means that each individual has a unique set of proteins. That is why each of us looks and behaves differently. RNA is a copy of DNA. Because DNA can’t leave the cell’s nucleus, and because proteins are constructed outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, the RNA is necessary to carry the instructions from DNA to the cytoplasm where the protein is made.The monomer of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. All nucleic acids are formed from a series of these nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.The structure of DNA resembles that of a twisted ladder. This twisted ladder of DNA is called a ‘double helix.’ The rails of the DNA ladder are made from alternating sugars and phosphates (sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar…). In DNA, the sugar is called deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder are made of four different kinds of bases, with one base hanging off of the sugar portion of each rails. The four bases are A, T, C and G. Proteins Overview - Fill in the Blanks Proteins are organic molecules that form muscles, transport O2 (hemoglobin), and act as hormones and enzymes. Most importantly, proteins determine how our bodies look and function. Their building block is the amino acid. Proteins are made of amino acids combined through a dehydration link called a peptide bond. When groups of amino acids are joined together, a protein is formed.There are about 20 different kinds of amino acids. These amino acids consist of five separate parts. The first is a central carbon atom. Second is a carboxyl group (-COOH). Third is an amino group (-NH2). Fourth is a hydrogen. The fifth group is a variable ‘R’ group. The only difference in the 20 kinds of amino acids is the “R” group. Some “R” groups are very small, others are large, and even others form chains and rings. The sequence and shapes of the “R” groups control the shape and function of the protein. Sort the information into the correct category of biomolecule. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose Starch Lipids Glycerol Fatty Acids Fats Steriods Phospholipids Hydrophobic Proteins Amino Acids Polypeptides Catalyst Muscle Movement Enzyme Hormones Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Genetic Information DNA RNA Nitrogenous Bases Going across the table, put the correct information for each biomolecule. Biomolecule Monomer Example Function Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Glucose, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose Short term energy, Food storage, Structural support Lipid Glycerol Fatty Acids Fats, Steroids, Phospholipids Long term energy, Cellular membranes, Insulation Protein Amino Acids Muscle Fibers, Actin, Flagella Catalyst, Enzymes, Hormones, Movement Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA RNA Genetic Information, Gene Expression