Berry Full of DNA (& Semester Review)

Strawberries are a great source of DNA because their cells have multiple versions of each chromosome. In fact, they are octoploid, containing 8 versions of each chromosome! In this lab, your lab group will break of the cells of a strawberry and seperate DNA from the rest of the cell. In which organelle is DNA stored? Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Nucleus Mitochondria STEP 1: Place a strawberry in a ziploc bag, press out extra air and then seal the bag. Using the palm of your hand, mash the strawberry for about 2 minutes. Your goal is to break open the cells of the strawberry. Which three organelles are found in plant cells but not animals cells? Nucleus Chloroplast Central Vacuole Cell Membrane Lysosome Cell Wall Plants have a nucleus, thus they are eukaryotes, as are bacteria eukarytoes, as are animals prokaryotes, as are bacteria prokaryotes, are as animals STEP 2: The strawberry is now a mash of crushed cells. We need to separate the parts of the cell in order to extract the DNA. Add .01 liter (how many ml?) of buffer solution to the bag. Remove excess air and seal the bag. The buffer solution is made of detergent (to remove cell membranes), salt (to make solution isotonic) and water. Mash the strawberry and buffer solution for another minute. Convert .01 liter to ml. .000 1 .001 1.0 10.0 100. You are mixing the berry mash with water. The berry, salt and detergent are mixing with the water. This occurs because water is a ... polar molecule, excellent solvent polar molecule, poor solvent nonpolar molecule, excellent solvent nonpolar molecule, excellent solvent When you drop a cell in hypotonic solution, the cell will shrivel as it looses water expand as it gains water remain unchanged as there is no net change in water entering cell Without a detergent, the cell membrane wound NOT mix with water because the membrane is nonpolar as it contains many Lipids (phopholipids) polar as it contains many Lipids (phospholipid) non polar as it contains mainly sugars polar as it contains mainly sugars Convert 120 cm to m. 120 000 1 200 1.20 .12 .012 STEP 3: Pour the liquid from the bag into the funnel filter. The cheesecloth will remove the cell wall and some organelles from the mixture. When the test tube is about half full, remove the funnel and place it into an empty beaker. The cheesecloth can be thrown away and the bag should be rinsed out. The DNA (and other cell components) are now dissolved in water. Water has many unique properties due to _ bonds that form between water molecules (holding water molecules together). covalent hydrogen ionic metallic STEP 4: Slowly drip 25 drops of ice-cold ethanol along the side of the tube, allowing the ethanol to form a layer on top of the cell mixture. Strawberries undergo photosynthesis, so they would be producers in a food web. Complete the other classifications below: Match: Vegetarians (e.g. deer) Primary Consumer Plants and Algae Producers Eat vegetarians (e.g. eat deer) Secondary Consumer Top Consumer (e.g. eat deer, fox or coyotes) Tertiary Consumer STEP 5: Use a stirring rod and just touch to interface between alcohol and strawberry smoothie. The DNA should sit atop the strawberry mash and by spinning the stirring rod, you should be able to lift DNA into the ethanol solution. Label: Use these labels: Oxygen, Negative or Hydrogen, Positive Oxygen, Negative Hydrogen, Positive Plant Cell Wall, Central Vacuole Prokaryote DNA but no nucleus Eukayote Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Animal Eukaryote but no chloroplasts. Bacteria An example of a prokaryote. The buffer solution will keep the solution from getting too acidic or basic. Acids are characterized by pH below 7 pH of 7 pH above 7 Flowers usually need pollinators as the pollinators help with fertilization and the flower provides the pollinators with nectar. This relationship is an example of... commensalism mutualism predation symbiosis A plant is eaten by a cow, killing the plant. This relationship is an example of... commensalism mutualism predation symbiosis Match the following, using the equation for respiration (below): C6H12O6+ 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6 H2O 12 Total molecules of products Water One of the products Oxygen One of the reactants 7 Total molecules of reactants 24 Total atoms in a molecule of glucose Strawberries are the products of photosynthesis. The is part of the _ cycle. Nitrogen Carbon Phosphorus Rock In the carbon cycle, the source for the glucose found in strawberries is.... oxygen carbon dioxide glucose water Label the bonds illustrated below, using the terms 'Hydrogen Bonds' and 'Covalent Bonds' Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Properties of Water Below are terms related to properties of water. Correctly match them with the description. Adhesive Molecules stick to other materials. Cohesive Molecules stick to molecules of the same material. High Specific Heat Water requires a lot of energy in order to change its temperature Universal Solvent Water dissolves many, many materials due to hydrogen bonds between molecules. Polar Molecules Water has charges at its ends due to oxygen pulling electrons towards the ends of the molecule. When raising strawberries, the plants produce more berries if they get plenty of water in the fall. If more water is available in the fall, the result is more berries. The water is the _ variable and the amount of berries is the _ variable. dependent, independent independent, dependent independent, neutral neutral, independent Match: Population All individuals of the same species Community All the different populations in an area Ecosystem The organisms living in an area and the inorganic materials that cycle through the living things. Inorganic Not living Organic Living or made by living things Complete the following for the Celcius scale: 0 Freezing Point 24 Room Temp 37 Body Temp 100 Boiling Temp