AP Biology Unit 6.3 and 6.4 Transcription and Translation

Process Fill in the arrows with the correct process.Word Bank:TranslationTranscription Transcription Translation Comparing Compare transcription and translation by placing the facts in the correct column. Transcription Occurs in the nucleus of a cell DNA to RNA Production of mRNA Requires RNA polymerase (builds a polymer Translation Occurs in the ribosomes of a cell RNA to Protein Produces a polypeptide chain (a protein) Requires tRNA molecules Uses amino acids Use the codon chart to transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence:**Remember** First you must transcribe DNA into RNA. DNA RNA Proteins (Amino Acid Sequence) GGCCATTTCGATTTGAGC CCG GUA AAG CUA AAC UCG Pro Val Lys Leu Asn Ser GATCCATAGGCTTCAGAT CUA GGU AUC CGA AGU CUA Leu Gly Ile Arg Ser Leu ATGACGATCTGCACAAGA UAC UGC UAG ACG UGU UCU Tyr Cys STOP How are proteins made? Step 1:mRNA strands are transcribedfrom DNA in the nucleus of the cell, because the DNA is too big to leave the nucleus.The process of synthesizing a protein is called translation. In other words, it translates the message carried on the mRNA into proteins. This occurs at ribosomesin the cytoplasm of a cell. Before the mRNA sequence can be taken to the ribosome, it must undergo RNA processing. This is where all the introns, which are the non-coding region of the mRNA are removed from the transcript. The portions of the mRNA transcript that code for amino acids are called exons. Step 2:The mRNA must be translatedinto a protein. mRNA is read threeletters at a time, this three letter pair is called a codon.tRNA brings amino acidsthat match the codons from the cytoplasm to the mRNA. The Amino Acids then bind together to form a protein. Label Label the different parts the the tRNA.Word bank: Codon, Anti-codon, Amino Acid Amino Acid Anti-codon Codon Nuclear pores regulate the passage of substances into and out of the nucleus. Antibodies such asmAb414have been used to inhibit the movement of substances through the nuclear pores of rat liver cells. Scientists cultured rat liver cells (eukaryotic) and bacteria cells (prokaryotic) in separate dishes with radioactively labeled amino acids. A specific gene in both cell types was engineered to synthesize identical polypeptide chains, and translation of this gene was measured. The procedure was repeated withmAb414(the inhibitor) added to each of the two cell cultures, and translation was monitored again.Which of the following sets of graphs best summarizes the results of the experiments? Antibiotics interfere with prokaryotic cell functions. Streptomycin is an antibiotic that affects the small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes. Specifically, streptomycin interferes with the proper binding oftRNAtomRNAin prokaryotic ribosomes.Which of the following best predicts the most direct effect of exposing prokaryotic cells to streptomycin? Amino acid synthesis will be inhibited. No mRNA will be transcribed from DNA. Posttranslational modifications will be prevented. Synthesis of polypeptides will be inhibited. Vocabulary I Match the term with the correct definition DNA --> mRNA Transcription mRNA--Protein Translation Intron Portion of the transcript that does not code for amino acids Exon Portion of the transcript that codes for amino acids Polypeptide Linked amino acids. Vocabulary II Match the term with the correct definition Codon Three consecutives bases found on mRNA Anticodon Three consecutives bases found on tRNA Triplet Three consecutives bases found on DNA Vocabulary III Match the term with the correct definition. Alternative Splicing Removing different parts of the transcript (introns and exons) and coming up with various transcripts. mRNA A type of RNA that is made in the nucleus. tRNA A type of RNA that carries amino acids rRNA A type of RNA that makes up ribosomal subunits.