Virus Structure and Function

Master virus structure, function, and replication cycles!

1. Match the viral structure to the correct function. Protein Coat Contains and protects the viral DNA/ RNA. Nucleic Acid The genetic matiral of the virus. Either DNA or RNA; never both. Tail Fibers Used to grasp the cell prior to nucleic acid injection. Sheath Contains a needle like structure for injecting the viruses DNA into the host cell. Protein Key Used to trick the cell into taking the virus into the cell itself. 2. Label the diagram using the word bank below. Word Bank: tail fibers, DNA, RNA, protein coat, sheath, nucleic acid protein coat nucleic acid DNA sheath RNA tail fibers 3. Sort the following descriptions based on if they describe the lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle or both. Lytic Cycle Begins replicating new viruses immediately. Only infects a single host cell at a time. Lysogenic Cycle Will hide in the host's DNA before becoming active. Infects multiple cells prior to activation. Both Requires a host for replication. Requires a method of cell entry. 4. Which viral cycle is being shown in the image below? Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle 5. Which viral cycle is being shown in the image below? Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle 6. Match the vocabulary word to its corresponding definition. Spill Over When a virus jumps species. Reservoir Species The original host species that typically has a natural immunity. Zoonotic Virus A virus that had the potential to jump species. 7. Why are zoonotic viruses far deadlier than endemic viruses? Amoeba Sisters: Viruses Watch the video below and answer the following questions. 8. Can you treat a cold with antibiotics? yes no 9. Why can't viral infections be treated with antibiotics? The common cold is caused by a virus, not a cell. Antibiotics attack living things. The common cold is caused by a bacteria, not a virus. Antibiotics attack viruses. The common cold is caused by a virus, not a cell. Antibiotics attack viruses. 10. Which is smaller? bacteria eukaryotic cell virus 11. What do all viruses have in common? Their shape. Their mode of entering the cell. Genetic material such as DNA or RNA. 12. Fill in the blanks using the narration from time 2:00 to 2:07. One thing that makes virus replication, or reproduction, unique is that they can't replicate without a host. And it's their reproducing that tends to be a problem for their host. 13. Use the text at time 2:20 to fill in the blanks below. However, specificity can vary in some viruses. Cross-species transmission can occur in some viruses. 14. True or False: Viruses tend to be specific about the host they infect. True False 15. Match the cycle to its description. Lytic Cycle The virus takes over the host cell immediately and begins to replicate new viruses. Lysogenic Cycle The virus enters the cell and hides in the host cell's DNA for a period time before becoming active. 16a. What type of cell does HIV target? white blood cells helper t-cells red blood cells 16b. What does the targeting of this cell type lead to? It leads to a loss of blood. It leads to loss of nutrients. It creates a vulnerability to other infections. 17. Fill in the blanks using the narration from time 5:22 to 5:51. There are medications that have been developed to help keep HIV from replicating as quickly and there continues to be research looking into ways to keep the virus from attaching because if the virus can't attach, it can't insert its genetic material. A problem that continues to be a challenge is that many viruses, including HIV, can mutate. So, a treatment developed against a certain virus type may not work on a mutated from.