Genetic Mutations

Matching Match the term with the correct description. Chromosomal Mutation A change in the number or structure of a single chromosome or whole sets of chromosomes Nondisjunction Chromosomes that don't separate during meiosis Translocation Chromosome pieces are moved onto another chromosomes Inversion Chromosome segment is inserted in reverse order Duplication A segment of a chromosome is repeated Deletion Part of a chromosome is removed Gene mutations Match each term to the correct description Insertion One or more nucleotides are added to a gene Frameshift mutation The addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides that changes the number of complete codons Point mutation A change in one nucleotide that does not change the number of complete codons or the amino acid Deletion One or more nucleotides are removed from the gene Substitution One nucleotide is switched for another Fill in the blanks with the term(s) that makes the statement correct. 1. A gene mutation is a change in one or more nucleotide basesof DNA.3. A pointmutation is when 1 nucleotide base in DNA is changed.4. A deletionmutation is when a nucleotide base is lost.5. An insertionmutation is when an extra nucleotide base is inserted.6. Both deletion and insertion mutations may cause what is called a frame-shiftbecause the codon pairs change as do the amino acid sequences.7. A substitutionmutation occurs when one nucleotide base is substituted for another. If the original DNA is ATAACGCCTATT, how many codons are there? 3 4 5 12 For the DNA sequence above (ATAACGCCTATT), what is the mRNA sequence?UAUUGCGGAUAA If the "G" was deleted in this DNA sequence: ATAACGCCTATT, what type of mutation would occur? Frame-shift Point mutation For the scenario above, when the "G" is deleted, how many complete codons would there then be? (ATAACGCCTATT, "G" removed: ATAACCCTATT) Using the following DNA sequence, determine the type of mutation that has occurred with the new sequence. TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT New sequence Type of mutation TAC ATC TTG GCG ACG ACT Substitution TAC GAC CTT GGC GAC GAC T Insertion TAC ACC TTG GGA CGA CT Deletion A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein coded by a gene. What do you think is the most likely type of mutation in this gene? Why? What kind of mutation is more likely to result in a nonfunctional protein, a frame-shift (resulting from an insertion or deletion) or a point mutation? Why?