Geology Show What You Know

1. A student made observations of four rock samples. Which of these most likely describes a sedimentary rock? Sample 1 has bands of light and dark crystals. Sample 2 has pink, gray, and white crystals grown together. Sample 3 is black and very glassy and shiny. Sample 4 is made of layers of sand grains cemented together. 2. Which layer of Earth is located just below the crust? inner core mantle continental shelf outer core 3. Granite is a hard material formed from cooling magma. Granite is a type of _. lava stone igneous rock volcanic dust sedimentary rock 4. Which layer of Earth is the hottest? crust inner core mantle 5. When comparing Fossil A and Fossil B, which is MOST likely correct? Fossil B is larger. Fossil B is metamorphic. Fossil B is older. Only Fossil B was once and organism. 6. Which layer of Earth is the thinnest? inner core mantle outer core crust 7. Which of these often occur as Earth's plates move? hurricanes floods earthquakes tornadoes 8. A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered with _. forest grassland bare rock water 9. What type of plate boundary is shown above? convergent divergent transform 10. What most likely happens on the plate boundary shown in question 9 as the plates slide past each other? a mountain forms an earthquake occurs the ocean floor widens to form a trench magma comes to the surface 11. Fill in the type of rock by clicking each dot and typing the correct letter. (Do not use capitals.)Word bank:s- sedimentarym- metamorphici- igneous i m s 12. Match each type of rock to how it forms. sedimentary pressure, cementation metamorphic heat and pressure igneous melting and cooling 13. Click each dot and type the name of Earth's layers.Word bank:inner coreouter corecrustmantle inner core outer core mantle crust 14. Fill in the paragraph about the rock cycle. Click each blank and choose the correct word to complete the sentence. Tiny bits of rock, dirt, and shells are called sediments. When sediments are cemented together with pressure, sedimentary rock is formed. These rocks often have layers and fossils. When rocks undergo heat and pressure, metamorphic rock is formed. When this rock melts inside the Earth, it is called magma. When lava or magma cools and hardens it forms igneous rock. Any kind of rock can be broken back into sediments by weathering and erosion. 15. Think about the characteristics of each type of rock. What type of rock is shown in the picture above? igneous metamorphic sedimentary 16. Which of Earth's layers is made of liquid iron and nickel as well as molten lava? outer core inner core crust mantle What is the definition for weathering, erosion, and deposition? Match the correct definition to each vocabulary word. Weathering Breaking down of rocks. Erosion Materials moved by wind and water. Deposition Sediments are dropped in a new location. Earth's crust is made of plates that move slowly. This movement changes the appearance of the Earth's crust over time. What is this theory called? Dinner plates Plate tectonics Earthquake fevers Boundary theory When Earth's plates separate and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle, what type of plate boundary is formed? Divergent Sloping Convergent Sliding Sand dunes in the desert are caused by erosion from — Water Wind Rain Glaciers A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth? A hiking trail built by cutting down trees. A river eroding away by the riverbank. A bird nest made of dead branches. A group of butterflies landing on flowers. Read the table below. Which two rocks are metamorphic? (Hint: Think about how metamorphic rocks are formed!) conglomerate and sandstone shale and chalk marble and quartzite