Diabetes Review

Master diabetes concepts: types, tests, insulin, macromolecules, and blood sugar balance!

Diabetes Test Objectives 1) Understand how doctors test for diabetes and for which type of diabetes (glucose vs. insulin testing)2) Know the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes3) Know the connection between insulin and glucose4) Understand the role of a negative feedback loop in maintaining a homeostatic blood glucose level5) Know the difference between hormones and receptors.6) Know the four macromolecules, their monomers and their functions. Know how you can use chemical to test for each one when given various foods7) Understand the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis and their roles with monomer and polymers8) Know the difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and recognize situations and symptoms of each. Homeostasis What is it and why is important? Glucose and Insulin Relationship How is the level of glucose and insulin used to detect both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the body? Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes Fit the information into the right category. Type 1 Produces no insulin Treat with insulin injections Most likely diagnosed in children Often hereditary and unpreventable Type 2 Treat with medicine Control with diet and exercise Usually diagnosed in adults More Common Body doesn't produce enough insulin or insulin isn't working properly Both Must watch diet Determined by Insulin Glucose Test Can have huge complications to the body Blood Glucose Testing Look at the concentration of glucose in the blood for each patient. Explain what each test means. Blood Insulin Testing Look at the concentration of insulin in the blood for each patient. Explain what each test means Macromolecules Identify each macromolecule's monomer below.Word BankCarbohydrates ProteinsLipids Nucleic Acids Protein Carbohydrates Lipids Amino Acids Macromolecule Purposes For each macromolecule in the chart fill out the table. Marcomolecule Monomer Function Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Macromolecule Testing Match up the chemical indicator and the correct positive and negative color changes for each macromolecule we tested in lab. Glucose Test Indicator: Benedict's Negative Test: Teal Blue Positive Test: Orange Starch Test Indicator: Iodine Negative Test: Light Yellow Positive Test: Black Protein Negative Test: Light Blue Test Indicator: Biuret's Positive Test: Purple Lipid Paper Bag Test Negative Result: Opaque Positive Result: Translucent Hydrolysis Dehydration Synthesis Using the picture above:1) Explain what is happening in the image on the left and on the right.2) Identify which one is hydrolysis and which one is dehydration synthesis.3) Explain how this is related to monomers and polymers. Fill in the information using the word bank provided. 1) To split, or break apart; to release. -lysis2) To make something. synthesis3) Many monomers hooked together. polymer4) The formation of a BOND between two MONOMERS, while losing a WATER MOLECULE (H2O). dehydration synthesis5) The process of BREAKING APART of a POLYMER into two or more MONOMERS. hydrolysis6) Means ‘WATER’. hydro-7) Building block or single unit of a polymer. monomer8) To lose or remove water; to take water away. dehydrate Hormones vs. Receptors Explain how these are different and how they might be the same. Negative Feedback Loop: Glucose Insulin Using the following phrases to fill in on the image below.Word BankGlucagonInsulinBeta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the bloodAlpha cells of the pancreas release glucagonBlood glucose level risesBlood glucose level dropsBody cells take up more glucoseLiver breaks down glycogen into glucoseLiver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogenBlood Glucose level drops back downBlood Glucose level rises back up Insulin Glucagon Blood glucose level rises Blood glucose level drops Blood Glucose level drops back down Blood Glucose level rises back up Liver breaks down glycogen into glucose Alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon Beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood Body cells take up more glucose Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen Hypoglycemia vs. Hyperglycemia What is difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia? (this hyper means you’ve had lots of sugar 😜 !) Include symptoms of each! Anna's Diabetic Struggle Write a situation that demonstrates when Anna was both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic.