7.14AC Genetics Vocabulary Review

Master genetics terms! Review heredity, genes, alleles, and Punnett squares.

Heredityis the transmission of biological information from parent to offspring.A homozygous genotype is when the alleles in a pair are identical / the same (TT or tt).Hybridmeans the same as heterozygous.A Trait is an organism characteristic that is inherited (examples: blood type, eye color).A genotype is the genetic make-up of an organism and includes two alleles (RR or Rr or rr).A heterozygous genotype is when the alleles in a pair are different (Rr).Genetics is the study of heredity.A Gene is the basic unit of heredity made of DNA; determines trait characteristics.Purebred means the same as homozygous.A phenotype is the physical appearance of an organism, represented by descriptions.Gregor Mendel is the Austrian monk whose pea plant experiments laid the genetic foundations.Allelesare versions of genes that occupy the same locus (position on a chromosome) on homologous chromosomes and determine the variation of the same characteristic.A Dominant allele is an allele that expresses itself while hiding the effects of another allele, represented by a capital letter.A Ratiois a proportion.A Punnett square is a diagram that helps model genetic crosses and predicts the ratio of traits in the offspring.A recessive allele is an allele whose effects are hidden by a dominant allele, represented with a lower-case letter. Which genotype(s) code for a DOMINANT phenotype? Select all that apply. aa Aa AA Which genotype(s) code for a RECESSIVE phenotype? aa Aa AA If being able to roll your tongue (T) is dominant to not being able to roll your tongue (t), what phenotype would a heterozygous individual have? Tt tt Able to roll tongue Unable to roll tongue Is it possible for two parents who both have the dominant phenotype to have a child with the recessive phenotype? yes because the offspring only needs 1 recessive allele to show the trait and one of the parents could be a heterozygote yes because both parents could be heterozygous for that trait no because the parents can only pass on the dominant allele no because both parents have the dominant phenotype