DNA Review

A portion of a DNA strand is shown. 5' – A A T T G C A T A T – 3' What would be the sequence of the complementary strand?TYPE IN ALL CAPS (with no spaces between the letters, like TATA)TTAACGTATA A portion of a DNA strand is shown. 5' – G A C A G A G A T A T A – 3' What would be the sequence of the complementary strand?TYPE IN ALL CAPS (with no spaces between the letters, like TATA)CTGTCTCTATAT Scientists can use genetic information to identify people because it is unique to each person. Which specific characteristic is unique to an individual? The number of chromosomes in each cell The shape of the DNA molecules in cells The sequence of DNA nucleotides in cells Scientists have found a gene in the DNA of a certain plant that could be the key to increasing the amount of lycopene, a cancer-fighting substance, in tomatoes.The process of inserting this gene into the DNA of a tomato plant in known as -Responses Cloning Genetic Engineering Selective Breeding Gel Electrophoresis Farmers are beginning to grow crops from seeds that scientists have genetically engineered to resist disease and insects. Select all of the potential benefits of this technology - Increase use of pesticides Decrease in insect damage to crops Plants need less water to survive Increased crop production Match the enzyme to its role in DNA replication Helicase Enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA molecules Primase Tells DNA synthesis where to start Polymerase Adds the nucleotides during replication (A-T and C-G) Ligase "glues" together the fragments at the end of DNA synthesis Matching Vocabulary Double Helix DNA has two strands that are represented by a twisted ladder Hydrogen bond A weak bond that holds together the two strands of DNA Nucleotide The building blocks or monomers of nucleic acids (DNA) Chromosomes Genetic information that contains coiled up strands of DNA Fill in the blanks DNA is replicated during interphase of the cell cycle. This occurs in the nucleus of the cell. At the end of DNA replication, there are two identical DNA molecules. Fill in the blanks Mutations are any change in the sequence of the DNA. This is naturally occurring, and can be helpful (like adaptations), harmful (can cause problems), or have no effect on the organism. Mutations can happen during DNA replication (such as point mutations or frameshift mutations), or during cell division and affect the whole chromosome. Match the DNA mutations Point mutation a single nucleotide change in the DNA sequence Insertion addition of one or more nucleotides from the DNA sequence Deletion Removal of one or more nucleotides from the DNA sequence Frameshift mutation when a base is added or deleted, the other bases shift over What is a mutation? A change or mistake in the DNA sequence A process that always results in harm to the organism A natural process that copies DNA perfectly A process that only occurs during cell division Complete... DNA is made up of a backbone that contains a sugar and phosphate group, as well as nitrogenous bases that act as the "rungs" of the ladder. The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide. The four nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Label the image above.A refers to the sugarB refers to a nitrogenous baseC refers to the phosphate group DNA Steps to Replication The first step of DNA replication is to separate the DNA strands with an enzyme.The second step is to form the RNA primer.The third step is assembling the new DNA segment with polymerase.The last step is connecting the DNA fragments using ligase. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? Genes makes up DNA and chromosomes A chromosome is made out of genes, but there is no relationship to DNA Chromosomes are structures that organize and contain large amounts of DNA, and they hold many genes.