Evolution, Natural Selection, and Speciation

Evidences of EvolutionWatch me [click here] BEFORE answering the questions below.Browse through me [click here] BEFORE answering the questions below. Sperm whales have vestigial hip bones, and a small percentage of sperm whales also have vestigial hind limbs. Which of the following statements best explains the presence of these vestigial structures in sperm whales? Sperm whales evolved from ancestors that walked on land. Sperm whales are in the process of evolving into land mammals. These structures are acquired by each individual sperm whale during its lifetime. These structures resulted from sperm whales having a long period of embryonic development. Which of the following is the best scientific evidence that mammals evolved from reptiles? Similarities in the diets of extinct reptiles and modern mammals Similarities in the average lifespans of modern reptiles and modern mammals Fossils of ancient reptiles and mammals that appear together in the same layers of rock Fossils that show gradual changes in skull shape from reptile-like organisms to mammal-like organisms Which of the following statements are true? Layer B has fossils that are younger than layer A because they are found lower layers of sedimentary rock. Layer A has fossils that are younger than layer B because they are found in the upper layers of sedimentary rock. Layer C has fossils that are younger than layer B because they are found in the upper layers of sedimentary rock. The table below shows small portions of the amino acid sequences of a particular protein in four animal species. Based on the data in the table, which two species are most closely related? Species 1 and 2 Species 1 and 3 Species 1 and 4 Species 3 and 4 Natural SelectionWatch me [click here] BEFORE answering the questions below.Browse through me [click here] BEFORE answering the questions below. Sort the statements based on whether they describe Artificial Selection (selective breeding) or natural selection. There will be 5 for each group. Natural Selection Organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less adapted Bacteria that develop a mutation that allows them to survive an antibiotic will live long enough to reproduce and so spread the 'survival' gene to subsequent generations Over a period of several thousand years the deer mice that live in the sandy soil of Nebraska developed a pale coat that helped them evade predators The angler fish lives in the deep, dark ocean and produces a light that attracts prey Populations of lizards that have a certain trait become more numerous after a change in climate Artificial Selection The intentional breeding of organisms by humans to produce organisms with desired characteristics The Belgian Blue cattle was created to be extremely muscular, therefore providing lots of beef Alaskan Sled dogs have been bred to be healthy and have endurance to run long distances Many varieties of tomatoes have been created to be different sizes, colors, tastes, and tolerant to different growing conditions Farmers allow only sheep that produce the best wool to breed Adaptations that results from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness? Being able to escape from predators Being among the strongest organisms in a population Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring Being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage Green beetles are more fit for the environment than brown beetles are. Brown beetles undergo a greater number of unfavorable mutations than green beetles do. Green beetles have a greater gene frequency among their population than brown beetles have. Brown beetles have a shorter life cycle than green beetles have. Differences among individual members of the same species are referred to as.... Variation Fitness Natural Selection Adaptation How does natural selection act on a phenotype? by allowing the undesirable traits to be passed on to the offspring by creating new phenotypes that are desirable for the species by selecting those traits that are beneficial to the survival of the species by mutating the current phenotype How does Natural Selection lead to the evolution of new species? The strongest organisms will survive long enough to pass on their genetic traits to future generations. The strongest organisms will survive long enough to pass on the things they have learned to future generations. The organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive long enough to pass on their genetic traits to future generations. The organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive long enough to pass on the things they have learned future generations. Some lizards have an adaptation that allows their tails to break off with minimal damage to bones, nerves, blood vessels, and muscles. This type of lizard can then regrow the missing portion of the tail. Which of the following statements best explains why this adaptation is selected for in lizard populations? Lizards with this adaptation are better at climbing trees. Lizards with this adaptation are more likely to escape from predators. Lizards with this adaptation can use their tails as lures to attract more food. Lizards with this adaptation can camouflage themselves more easily in vegetation. The smooth-skinned, leaf-tailed gecko lives on Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa. The gecko hunts at night and sleeps on trees by day. The color and pattern of the gecko’s body resembles leaves. Which of the following statements best explains how the gecko’s unique body color and pattern evolved? All the geckos needed to look like leaves in order to live in trees and therefore acquired the necessary trait. Individuals with bodies that looked the most like leaves interbred only with other green or brown lizard species. Gene sequences of all the geckos mutated to produce the leaf appearance when ancestral geckos moved from mud to trees. Individuals with bodies that looked the most like leaves were better able than other individuals to avoid predators and passed on the trait. SpeciationWatch me [click here] BEFORE answering the questions below. When has speciation occurred? When populations no longer look the same When populations no longer have the same frequency of alleles When populations can no longer interbreed When populations are living in different environments A horse and a donkey can successfully mate to produce offspring known as a mule. Mules are sterile . Would mules be classified as a species? Yes, mules have enough of their own traits to be considered a species. Yes, the fact that have different number of chromosomes makes them a different species No, mules are too similar to the parent species No, due to their inability to reproduce successfully. The disappearance of a species refers to evolution migration extinction mutation Sort the following statements to determine which are examples of geographic isolationvs.reproductive isolation. Geographic Isolation separation of two populations by a physical barrier Examples: mountains, rivers, volcanoes Example: Galapagos finches! different islands, ultimately different species Reproductive Isolation caused by behavioral and temporal barriers Examples: differences in the mating season found in the toad species Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri. Example: eastern and western meadowlarks will not mate with each other because they use different songs to attract mates.