Weather and Climate

2. Students at two schools in South Africa planned an investigation using weather stations.The two schools are in Pretoria and Cape Town which are located on Fig. 5 (Insert).(a) Students in Pretoria used traditional instruments to measure and record weather and the students in Cape Town used digital instruments.(i) Give two advantages of using digital instruments rather than traditional instruments.1.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[2] (ii) The students in Pretoria used a Stevenson Screen in their weather station. Photograph A shows a Stevenson Screen.Describe three features of a Stevenson Screen and explain why each is important.1 .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[6] (iii) Which one of the following measuring instruments would the students put inside a Stevenson Screen? Circle your answer. [1] Anemometer Rain gauge Thermometer Wind vane (iv) Students in Pretoria collected data on the following weather elements: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure.Name one other weather element the students could have measured..........................................................................................................................................[1] (v) What traditional instrument did they use to measure:A relative humidity; ............................................................................................................B atmospheric pressure? ..............................................................................................[2] (b) Study Figs 6 and 7 (Insert), which show a maximum-minimum thermometer and a rain gauge. Fig.6 Maximum and minimum Thermometer Fig.7 Rain gauge(i) Explain how the thermometer is used to measure maximum and minimum temperatures.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[3] (ii) Explain how rainfall is measured using the rain gauge shown in Fig. 7.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[3] The students collected data about different elements of weather during July. They then decided individually on two hypotheses to test. One student in Cape Town chose the following hypotheses:Hypothesis 1: The diurnal variation in temperature is greater in Pretoria than in Cape Town.The diurnal variation in temperature is the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day.Hypothesis 2: In Cape Town rainfall increases as the maximum temperature increases.(c) The results which the student used to test Hypothesis 1 are shown in Table 5 Table 5 for Question 2 Daily temperatures in July for Pretoria and Cape Town(i) Use these results to complete the minimum temperature line for Pretoria on 30th and 31st July in Fig. 8 below. [2] Temperatures in Pretoria and Cape Town