3rd Quarter Genetics Test - Wall USE YOUR NOTES!

Match the following descriptions to either Mitosis or Meiosis. Mitosis Two daughter cells Daughter cells are genetically identical Diploid Asexual For growth and repair Meiosis Four daughter cells Daughter cells are genetically different Haploid Sexual For production of gametes Sort the differences between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction 2 parents variation in genes species better able to survive gamete mammals takes longer requires a mate Asexual Reproduction 1 parent low variation in genes bacteria identical binary fission/ fragmentation/ budding/ vegetative propagation not as able to survive a change in environment takes less time If the cells in an adult house fly's wing contain 26 chromosomes, how many are found in it's sperm cells? 13 26 52 39 When two haploid cells join together what is produced? An offspring with identical chromosomes. A mutation of the original chromosomes. A Zygote with a complete set of chromosomes. Selection of genes most favorable to the offspring. What is DNA? A tightly wound strand of nucleic acid found in the lysosome of a cell. A segment of a nucleic acid strand on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. A long nucleic acid molecule containing the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of an organism During meiosis what process may occur which increases genetic diversity? Replication Crossover Natural Selection Transcription Co-Dominance Incomplete Dominance 50% probability dominant phenotype, 50% probability recessive phenotype 75% probability dominant phenotype, 25% probability recessive phenotype Genetic Down syndrome color blindness hemophilia Chromosome mutation eye color Environmental pollution secondhand smoke bad water lead paint lack of medical care (urban Lifestyle choices smoking drinking drugs poor diet lack of exercise All mutations are harmful helpful neutral could be any of these If the gene for a trait is found on the X chromosome, that trait is called co-dominant sex-linked incomplete dominance regular Mendelian Budding potato organism develops a bump that falls off and a new identical organism develops from that bud Binary Fission an single cell organism divides into 2 identical organisms (mitosis) bacteria Vegetative Propogation a plant sends out runners the develop into identical new organisms plant sending out runnier Fragmentation a piece of the organism is cut off, and a new identical organism develops from that fragment starfish Answer the following questions about this pedigree. How many generations are shown in this pedigree? 1 2 3 4 How many males are shown on this pedigree? 4 5 6 7 We are tracking the recessive trait. How many individuals on this pedigree SHOW this trait. 2 3 4 5 Which term correctly describes an individual with a pair of the same alleles for a trait? homogenized homozygous heterozygous heterogenous Phenotype refers to the _ of an individual genetic makeup actual physical appearance recessive alleles dominant alleles Gregor Mendel developed some basic principles of heredity by crossing pea plants breeding fruit flies cutting off the tails of mice growing bacteria in a laboratory When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the _ allele. recessive dominant both neither