Fresh Water Review

Master freshwater science with this review covering the water cycle, irrigation, pollution, and aquatic life!

What percent of the Earth's surface is covered with water? 25 50 70 95 What percent of the water located on the Earth is saltwater? 37 55 75 97 What percent of the water on the Earth's surface is fresh water? 2 15 35 50 The Hydrologic Cycle is also known as the: Food Chain Ecosystem Water Cycle Evaporation Cycle Fill in the blanks. The Hydrologic Cycle is powered by solar energy. It is process in which water is changed into vapor and moved into the atmosphere in a process called evaporation. Once in the atmosphere, the water condenses to form clouds and then returns to the Earth as precipitation. Put the water source into the correct category. Precipitation Rain Sleet Snow Hail Freshwater Lake River Creek Stream Pond Groundwater Spring Aquifer Saltwater Estuary Marsh Ocean Sea This type of irrigation utilizes a series of large small ditches to transport water from a stream or reservoir to the growing of crops. Surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation This method of irrigation consists of water supply pipes with lateral tubes going to individual plants. This is the most efficient method of irrigation. Surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation This method of irrigation involves applying water over the top of the crop and can be done with stationary or portable equipment. Surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation True or False:Everyday industries use an estimated 40 billion gallons of water to create products. This water is nearly completely consumed and only 2.5 billion gallons are returned to the environment. True False _ use water for the production of electricity through water driven turbine generators. Nuclear Power Plants Hydroelectric Plants Fossil Fuel Plants Wind Turbine Plants In the US, it is estimated that each person uses _ gallons of water per day. Fill in the blank. Point source pollution results from the direct introduction of contaminants into the water supply at one or multiple identifiable locations. Diffuse source pollution, also known as non-point source pollution, occurs from the introduction of contaminants across a wide area and cannot be tied to a specific input location. Background pollution is not associated with human activity but is a natural process where water is contaminated from natural sources such as minerals or decomposing organic matter. Sort the invertebrates into the correct category. Group 1 Pollution intolerant Mayfly Caddisfly Riffle beetle Group 2 Somewhat pollution tolerant Crayfish Scud Dragonfly Group 3 Pollution tolerant Midge fly larva Aquatic worm Pond snail Matching Littoral zone Shallow lake zone with rooted vegetation Limnetic zone Middle region of the pond with no rooted vegetation but contains phytoplankton & fish Profundal zone Botton of the lake that is has not photosynthesis due to the lake of sunlight 2 acres Ideal maximum pond size Embankment pond Water is held back by a dam to create a pond Excavated pond Pond made by digging a pit into the ground Watershed improvment Managing watershed areas to prevent runoff into fresh water sources Biological control Using living organisms to help control aquatic plants Chemical control Using herbicides on weed infested water Fill in the blank. Fish sampling is needed to keep track of what fish species are located in the water. It is also used to determine how well the fish are growing. Methods of sampling can include fishing, using nets, and boat shocking which temporarily shocks the fish. When ponds become overpopulated with undesirable species population removal and adjustment often takes place. One method of population control can be to drain, or completely remove all pond water, and then remove the undesirable fish. Another method is to poison the entire lake with chemicals to kill all species prior to restocking. Fishing regulations exist to help control and manage the fish population by providing the most ideal environment for the fish. This often based on the size of the fish and can also include limiting the number of fish caught. Fish grow best if the water temperature is above: 35 50 65 80 The pH of water is best for fish at: 1.5-4 3.5-7 6.5-9 9-12 Sort the descriptions to the correct freshwater fish species. Black Crappie Also called papermouths or speckled perch One of the most common fish species in NC Can grow up to 15 inches long and weigh 3 lbs Irregularly spaced black blotches on their sliver-green to yellowish sides Bluegill Have a pan-shaped body Lower jaw and gill cover are powder blue Have a black ear flap 3-5 inches long and weigh 2-4 ounces Brook trout Only trout native to Western North Caorlina Small but can be up to 8 inches long Back and upper sides of body are olive green with mottle dark green wavy markings Largemouth Bass Most sought after freshwater game fish in the US Can reach 7-15 pounds Have an entire industry of specialized baits, poles, etc Are excited to catch due to their fighting nature Rainbow trout Names comes from a broad pink or bright red lateral band down their sides Trout known for its fighting abilities Trout that is smaller than 10 inches Smallmouth Bass Sporting fish known for its leaping ability Can be 10 to 20 inches long and weigh 1-4 lbs Have darker vertical stripes on their body Why is water quality important for fish?